EFFECT OF AQUEOUS CRUDE EXTRACT OF TIGER NUT (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS) ON PENILE ERECTION-RELATED BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Abstract
There is an increase in the cases of erectile dysfunction and the remedies so far are not without side effects thus, this study is aimed at investigating the influence of aqueous crude extract of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) on some important biochemical indices involved in penile erection in male Wistar albino rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each. One group (control) received distilled water, the other groups received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of C. esculentus aqueous crude extract respectively for fourteen (14) days. Administration was done orally (once daily) with the aid of a gavage. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected through the abdominal aorta into plain sample containers to obtain serum for biochemical analysis. Nitric oxide (NO), sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, serum liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and haematological parameters were assayed using standard methods. Body weight of the animals and organs (testis and kidney) were also monitored at intervals of seven (7) days after basal value had been taken. The results showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in body weight in the second week at 500 mg/kg in relation to basal values. Significant decrease and increase were observed in the weight of kidney and testes respectively in some of the groups when compared with the control group. Significant increase was observed in NO levels in the testes. Follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone increased in a non-dose dependent manner. With the exception...
References
Abireh, I. E., Anyanwu, G. E., Obikili, E, Hassan. L. A., Elizabeth, F. B., Nto, J. N. (2019). The Effects of Aqueous Extract of Cyperus esculentus on Testis of Male Wistar Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Research. 15 (2).
Abolfoutouh, M., AL Helali, N. S. (2001). Effect of erectile dysfunction on quantity of Life. East Mediterranean Health Journal. 7(3):510518.
Addy, E. O., and Eteshola, E. (1984). Nutritive value of a mixture of tiger nut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L) and baobab seeds (AdansoniadigitataL). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 35:43740.
Adejuyitan, J. A., Otunola, E. T., Akande, E. A., Bolarinwa, I. F and Oladokun, F. M. (2009). Some Physicochemical properties of Flour obtained from fermentation of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) sourced from a market in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 3: 51-55.
Al-Amoudi, W. M. (2012). Protective Effect of Vitamin C against Carbofuran-Induced Testicular Toxicity In Albino Mice. Journal of American Science, 8: 335-341.
Allouh, M. Z., Daradka, H. M., & Ghaida, J. H. (2015). Influence of Cyperus esculentus tubers (Tiger Nut) on male rat copulatory behavior. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15, 331-338.
Althof, S. E. (2002) Quality of Life and Erectile dysfunction. Urology. 59:803810.
Amaal, A. M and Essraa,M. A. (2010). The effect of Cyperus esculentus on sperm function parameters in prepubertal mice as a model for human. Journal of Baghdad Science. 7:389-393.
Amalia, L., Sukandar, E. Y., Roesli, R. M. A., Sigit, J. I. (2008). The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Kukai (Allium schoenoprasum L.) Bulbs on Serum Nitric Oxide Levels In Male Wistar Rats. International Journal of Pharmacology. 4(6): 487-491.
Ariba, A. J., Oladapo, O. T., Iyaniwura, C. A., Dada, O. A. (2007). Management of Erectile Dysfunction: Perceptions and Practices of Nigerian Primary Care Clinicians. South African Family Practice. 49(9):16.
Belewu, M. A. and Belewu, K. Y. (2007). Comparative physico-chemical evaluation of tigernut, soybean and coconut milk sources. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9: 785- 787.
Belewu, M. A. and Abodurin, A. O. (2006). Preparation of Kunun (Tigernut milk) from unexploited Rich Food Source: Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7: 109-111.
Chukwuma, E. R, Obioma, N, Christopher, O. I, (2010). The phytochemical composition and some biochemical effects of Nigerian tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tuber. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 9:709-715.
Consejo, R, DeChufar, D., Horchata, D. (2006). http://www.chufadevalencial.org. Accessed 31st August, 2021.
Ekaluo, U. B., Ikpeme, E. V., Ibiang, Y. B., Amaechina, O. S. (2013). Attenuating role of vitamin C on sperm toxicity induced by monosodium glutamate in albino rats. Journal of Biological Sciences; 13:298 301.
Ekeanyanwu, R. C, Njoku, O., Ononogbu, I. C. (2010). The Phytochemical Composition and Some Biochemical Effect of Cyperus esculentus. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 9(7): 709-715.
Erhabor, J. O., and Idu, M. (2017). Aphrodisiac potentials of the ethanol extract of Aloe barbadensis Mill. root in male Wistar rats. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 360.
Fernandes, G. S. A., Fernandez, C. D. B., Campos, K. E., Damasceno, D. C., Anselmo-Franci, J. A., Kempinas, W. D. G. (2011). Vitamin C partially attenuates male reproductive deficits in hyperglycemic rats. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology; 9(3):100-119.
Gambo, A. D (2014). Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus): composition, products, uses and health benefits a review. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 7(71):5661.
Guevara, i., Iwanejko, J., Dembinska-kiec, A., Pankiewicz, J., Wanat, A., Anna, P., Golabek, I., Bartus, S., Malezewska-malec, M., & Szczudlik, A. (1998). Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Human Biological Materials by the Simple Griess Reaction. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 274(2), 177-188.
Jeong, S. J., Miyamoto, T., Inagaki, M., Kim, Y. C., Higuchi, R. (2000). Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus. Journal of Natural Products, 63(5): 673-675.
Kamtchouing, P., Fandio, G. Y. M., Dimo, T. and Jatsa, H. B. (2002). Evaluation of androgenic activity of Zingiber officinale and Pentadiplandra brazzeana in male rats. Asian Journal of Andrology, 4: 299-301.
Karawya, F.S. and El-Nahas, A.F. (2006). The protective effect of vitamin C on Azathioprine induced seminiferous tubular structural changes and cytogenetic toxicity in albino rats. Cancer Therapy, 4: 125-134.
McCabe, M. P. (1997) Intimacy and Quality of Life Among Sexually Dysfunctional Men and Women. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 23(4):276290.
Mehta, R. S., Shankar, M. B., Varghase, C. D. (1999). Evaluation of Cyperus rotundus for hepatoprotective activity. Indian Journal of Natural Products, 15(1): 13-17.
Miller, D. A. (2010). Are optical transistors the logical next step?. Nature Photonics, 4(1), 3.
Morakinyo, A. O., Adeniyi, O. S. and Arikawe, A. P. (2008). Effects of Zingiber officinale on reproductive functions in male rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 11: 329-334.
National Research Council (1996). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 7th ed. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 28.
National Research Council (1992). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 3rd ed. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 24.
Nashwa, A. A. A. and Venes, F. Y. (2008). Impact of vitamin C on genotoxicity, sperm abnormalities and serum biochemical alterations in deltamethrin exposed rats. Egyptian Journal of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, 21: 168-188.
Nayernia, K., Li, M., Jaroszynski, L., Khusainov, R. and Wulf, G. et al., (2004). Stem cell based therapeutical approach of male infertility by teratocarcinoma derived germ cells. Human Molecular Genetics, 13: 1451-1460.
Oladele, A. K., and. Aina, J. O. (2007). Chemical composition and Functional properties of Flour produced from two varieties of tiger nut. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6:2473- 2476.
Osibemhe, M., Omaji, G. O., Orji, B. O., Ilouno, L. E., Adejo, G. O., Geoffery, T. T., Okoyomoh, J., Muhammed, I. N, Iduh, P. (2020). Potency of Fonio Millet to Attenuate Diabetes and Diabetes Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research. 4(9): 601-605.
Owu, D. U., Osim, E. E., Ebong, P. E. (1998). Serum liver enzymes profile of Wistar rats following chronic consumption of fresh or oxidized palm oil diets. Acta Tropica, 65: 65-73.
Rhoden, E. L, Telken, C, Sogari, P. R, Vargas Souto, C. A, (2002). The use of the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool to study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research. 14(4):245-50.
Rita, E. S. (2009). The use of Tiger nut, cow milk and their composite as substrates for youghurt production. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 755-758.
Snchez, Z. E., Fernndez, L. J., Angel Prez, A. J. (2012) Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) commercialization: Health aspects, composition, properties and food applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 11 (4):366377.
Shaeer, K. Z. M, Osegbe, D. N, Siddiqui, S. H, Razzaque, A, Glasser, D. B, Jaguste, V. (2003). Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its correlates among men attending primary care clinics in three countries: Pakistan, Egypt, and Nigeria. International Journal of Impotence Research. 15(S1):8-14.
Shaker, M. A., Ahmed, M., Gaafar, A., Basuny, M. and Shereen L. N. (2009). Chufa Tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.): As a New Source of Food. World Applied Sciences Journal 7 (2): 151-156.
Tunde-Akintunde, T. Y, Oke, M. O. (2012). Thin-layer drying characteristics of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) seeds. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 36:457464.
Umerie, S. C., Okafor, P. E. and Uka, A. S. (1997). Evaluation of Tubers and oil of Cyperus esculentus. Bioresource Technology, 61: 171-173.
Wu, G. Y., Meininger, C. J. (2000) Arginine nutrition and cardiovascular function. Journal of Nutrition. 130(11):26262629.
Copyright (c) 2025 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
