FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

INTERACTION OF NUTRIENT COMPOSITION, TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF BEAN SEEDS TO BRUCHID INFESTATION

2024-08-01T04:51:32+00:00

Baseline information for determining the role of nutrient composition, temperature and moisture content on the biological activities of bean weevils in storage was determined. The study was conducted using different temperature sources of black or white muslin clothing two moisture levels of 12±1% and 15±1% and a solarization periods of 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours. Disinfested cowpea seeds were infested with 4 pairs of pristine adult C. maculatus in each treatment combination and allowed to mate and oviposit. C. maculatus had no egg laid 24 hours, at 48 hours significantly high eggs were laid on cowpea seeds covered with white muslin cloths and exposed to 48 hours solarization. Percentage mortality on cowpea seeds covered with black and white muslin cloths and exposed to different hours of solarization showed that 100% mortality in cowpea seeds covered with black muslin cloth and exposed to 72 and 92 hours solarization. There was significant decrease in egg mortality in the control experiment. Solarization and use of black muslin cloth polypropylene sheet may serve as grain protectant when utilized effectively in suppressing bionomics of C. maculatus on cowpea seeds during storage.

AN ENHANCED FEATURE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUE FOR CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION

2024-08-01T04:51:32+00:00

As the world is becoming a cashless society with increasing use of online transactions, the number of credit cards users has also increased substantially. This led to credit card fraud, which is among the major cybercrimes faced by users with consequential damages to financial institutions. Therefore, credit card fraud detection is crucial due to the increasing number of credit card transactions. Machine learning based credit card fraud detection systems exist, but machine learning approaches have problems with imbalanced data and the need to selected best features for effective classification. Imbalance classification occurs when there are small number of observations of the minority class compared with the majority in a dataset. This study addresses the challenges of feature selection and data imbalance in credit card fraud detection through an enhanced feature engineering method. We propose a technique that uses wrapper to select the best features and mitigate data imbalance using a hybrid approach that combines SMOTE, random oversampling and under-sampling techniques. Five popular machine learning classifiers—Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, K Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine—are used with balanced and imbalanced datasets to evaluate the technique. The results show significant improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Kappa score with the enhanced method. Specifically, and K Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine achieve perfect accuracy with the balanced data.

THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION TO UNSTEADY FLOW OF DUSTY BINGHAM FLUID BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL RIGA PLATES WITH RADIATION EFFECTS

2024-08-01T04:51:40+00:00

The study at hand is to delve into the analytical solution for the unsteady flow of dusty Bingham fluid between two parallel Riga plates with radiation effect. The plates, which includes the upper Riga plate and lower Riga plates are assumed to be immovable hence stationary. The velocity of the fluid is assumed to be identical as that of the velocity of the particle (dusty fluid). The governing equations for the problem is been modeled as dimensionless non-homogeneous PDE (partial differential equation) with non-homogeneous boundary condition. The equations are then solved analytically with the method of Eigenfunction expansion. The impacts of numerous relevant parameters for the velocity and temperature field are scrutinized in details with the use of graphs. Furthermore, graphical explanations are provided on the factors of the friction and the influence of the above parameters on the pattern of the flow together with the shear stress and Nusselt number. Finally, both quantitative and qualitative comparisons are presented.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY WEIGHT PREDICTION AND HAEMOTOLOGICAL INDICES OF RABBITS FED RUMEN LIQUOR FERMENTED SUGARCANE SCRAPPING MEAL

2024-08-01T04:51:33+00:00

The study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating rumen liquor sugar cane scrapping meal (RLFSCSM) into rabbit diets on growth performance, body weight and haemotological indices. A total of 24 mixed breed grower rabbits of similar live weight (700 – 832g) were used and subjected to a Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) with 4 treatments, 3 replicate having 2 rabbits each. The rabbit diets were formulated to replace maize at different percentages 0, 10, 20 and 30% representing T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. Feeding and other routine management practices were strictly adhered to according to standard practices throughout the experimental period. The results showed a p<0.05 increase in the total weight gain (676.83g/rabbit), average daily gain (19.34 g/rabbit) and average daily feed intake (73.29g/rabbit). Additionally, Logistics 3P and Gompertz 3P predicted the highest growth rate of rabbits 935.599 and 935.582 g/rabbits at the age of 3 weeks. However, haematological parameters showed mixed effects, with a decrease in hemoglobin (10.77 to 10.50g/dL) and packed cell volume (35.50 to 33.66%) at certain inclusion levels of RLFSCSM but increases at higher levels. Red blood cell count remained relatively stable across treatments, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration improved (21.67 pg and 31.67 g/L) with increasing RLFSCSM levels. White blood cell counts and mean corpuscular volume were unaffected by RLFSCSM inclusion. It was concluded that diet containing 30% RLFSCSM could improve general performance and health without detrimental effects when fed to grower rabbit.

ASSESSMENT OF STAND GROWTH AND SLENDERNESS COEFFICIENT OF NAUCLEA DIDERRICHII A. CHEV AND TERMINALIA IVORENSIS DE WILD AND THUR IN FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF NIGERIA, (FRIN) ARBORETUM, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

2024-08-01T04:51:34+00:00

The contribution of trees to human well-being cannot be overemphasized. The study assessed the growth characteristics and Slenderness Coefficient (SLC) of Nauclea diderrichii and Terminalia ivorensis two tree species in Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) Arboretum. A complete sampling of all trees encountered in each plantation were counted and their Diameter at breast height (Dbh) and total height (Ht) were measured using Haga altimeter and girthing tape respectively. Basal area (BA) and Volume (Vol) were computed using allometric formulae. The mean Dbh, Ht, BA and Vol of Nauclea diderrichii (5.870.27; 7.65± 0.87; 0.004±0.00; 0.016 ±0.0011); Terminalia ivorensis (26.18±1.00; 12.4±0.338; 0.06 ±0.004; 0.38 ±0.029), implying that Terminalia ivorensis had more substantial growth and larger size. More trees (97.43%) of the total trees encountered in both plantation were in the low SLC > 70 category while the remaining were in the medium to high SLC Class. The correlation matrix shows negative correlation between DBH, BA, Vol and SLC which implies more stable trees in the arboretum. The study recommends selecting logging of the trees in the high SLC class as they are vulnerable to wind throw.

EVALUATION OF AMINO ACIDS COMPOSITION OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI STEM FROM AGBOR, NIGERIA

2024-08-17T19:32:05+00:00

SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION USING GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ST. FINBARR’S COLLEGE ROAD, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2024-08-01T04:51:35+00:00

The St. Finbarr's College Road connects a number of educational institutions, including the University of Lagos, Akoka, to the northern part of Lagos. Rehabilitation work on the road revealed the presence of peat and clay at some locations, prompting the need to define the extent of their occurrence. In this study, geophysical techniques consisting of the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and Electrical Resistivity measurements were conducted on six traverses established along the road to characterize the subsurface and identify zones of instability. The resistivity and shear wave velocity (Vs) values obtained vary along the traverses, suggesting heterogeneity in the soil composition of the area. Specifically, the top 2m is generally characterized by materials having a resistivity less than 50 ohm-m and Vs greater than 200 m/s, which has been interpreted as a relatively stiff clay. However, a small number of spots on traverses 1 and 2 have low Vs (> 200 m/s), which suggests less stiff material and possible weak zones. Although the Vs values suggest that the upper 2m of the subsurface is characterised by materials considered to be stiff soil, its clayey nature might pose a challenge to the stability of the pavement, as clay materials are generally considered to be a problematic engineering material. To prevent the failure of the road, the soil parameters obtained in this study should be taken into account during reconstruction.

ROCK PHYSICS SIMULATION OF RESERVOIR SAND_K2 IN ‘KUTI’ FIELD, DEEP OFFSHORE NIGER DELTA

2024-08-01T04:51:34+00:00

Rock physics modelling has been employed in studying the elastic behaviors of reservoir SAND_K2 in the ‘KUTI’ Field, Niger Delta under a plausible production scenario of increasing water saturation. The study aimed to investigate how variation in reservoir fluid saturation will influence seismic attributes and determine the characteristics of expected time-lapsed (4-D) seismic signals that may be generated due to the effects of production. Multivariate cross-plot analyses of petro-elastic parameters were carried out to establish the seismic characteristics of the target reservoir with different pore fluids in its natural state before production. Fluid replacement modelling was applied to calculate measurable changes in the reservoir’s seismic characters by steadily increasing the water saturation from its initial value to 100%. Synthetic logs of petro-elastic parameters were created for different values of water saturation and combined into property cross-plots to predict the dynamic seismic response of the reservoir as brine gradually replaced hydrocarbon. Results showed that fluid changes from hydrocarbon to brine produced significant and quantifiable seismic signatures for time-lapse monitoring investigation. At some future points in the production history of the field under increasing water saturation conditions, the density, P-wave velocity and acoustic impedance of SAND_K2 increase and produce a negative seismic difference data of P-wave amplitude. Based on the responses of reservoir SAND_K2 under modelled production conditions, the study concluded that rock physics analysis can help to optimize and enhance the success of time-lapse monitoring of the KUTI Field.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOILS USED FOR VEGETABLE CULTIVATION IN KURA REGION OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA

2024-08-01T04:51:36+00:00

The research was conducted with the aim of assessing the physico-chemical parameters of soils used for vegetable cultivation in Kura region of Kano State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from three onion plots, three tomato plots and three cucumber plots from the top (0-20cm) in the sites. Standard laboratory procedures were used to assess the samples for PH, organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorous, and potassium contents. In addition, the mean values of soil parameters determined were computed and the results was compared with the critical limits in other to interpret level of the soils fertility. The results of the assessment revealed that the soil samples had low to moderate PH (5.28-6.71), and organic matter concentrations (0.44-1.86%), low potassium concentrations (0.05-0.21mol/kg), moderate to high nitrogen (0.14-0.44%) and high phosphorous concentrations (22.07-55.49mg/kg). Since nitrogen can be recycled in nature, efforts should be made to recycle the excess phosphorous in soils of vegetable crops plots. Furthermore, it is recommended to promote the use of bio-fertilizers such arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculants, which may dissolve and transfer essential nutrients from the soil to the plants.

COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AS A TOOL FOR ENHANCING ALGEBRA RETENTION IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS: AN ANALYSIS

2024-08-01T04:51:41+00:00

Over the years, Nigerian students have consistently performed poorly in mathematics. The West African Examination Council (WAEC) reports a steady decline in math performance among examinees outside the school system. Research papers and Chief Examiners' Reports have highlighted that students struggle with certain math tasks, indicating general deficiencies in mathematical skills. This research aimed to investigate the impact of computer simulation on students' retention of algebraic mathematics. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving fifty-four students from two different schools. Each school had two junior secondary streams, with experimental and control groups assigned randomly. The lessons were conducted by the students' regular math teachers, who also served as research assistants. The Algebra Achievement Test (AAT) was used to measure retention, with a reliability coefficient 0.98. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, with a significance level set at 0.05. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in the mean retention scores of male and female students who received algebra instruction through computer simulation.

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ABUJA

2024-08-01T04:51:41+00:00

The construction industry is a key driver of economic growth. However, operations from the construction industry contribute greatly to environmental damage and unsustainable exploitation of depleted natural resources. The construction industry has thus recognized environmental sustainability as a critical paradigm, primarily due to the necessity to strike a balance between ecological preservation and growing urbanization. The construction industry is essential to the expansion of Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, and it offers chances and problems for sustainable development. The impact of environmental sustainability on Abuja's construction industry is examined in this study, with particular attention paid to green building techniques, legal frameworks, technological developments, economic ramifications, and societal advantages. This study emphasizes the significance of incorporating environmental factors into urban development strategies to ensure a resilient and prosperous future for Abuja by analyzing the state and possibilities of sustainable construction. The study identified air pollution, Noise pollution and climate change as the high ranked environmental impact of building construction on environmental sustainability while depletion of Natural resources, temperature control and water pollution all ranked low. On factors mitigating environmental sustainability Lack of regulation enforcement, corruption and lack of awareness all ranked high. While, Insecurity, environmental degradation, and political instability all ranked low.

A DYNAMICAL MODEL OF COMPUTER VIRUS WITH INFECTIVE EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICE

2024-08-08T04:52:44+00:00

A computer virus is a type of malicious software program (“Malware”) that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. Most of our computer systems, media devices and storages are victims of computer virus. Due to the continuous infections of computer systems, several studies and works are being done on the transmission, dynamics and epidemiology of computer virus. It is a major source of concern due to the importance and necessity of the computer system and the usefulness of the internet. Based on the menace caused by the virus to computers, the researcher decided to carry out this work so as to to investigate the propagation effects of computer viruses with infective external storage media on computer systems. In this work, a mathematical model of a dynamical system of computer virus with an infected external storage media on viral spread is formulated, by extending a four-compartment model proposed by Peng et al, (2013) to five compartments. We computed the reproduction potential, the local and global stability analysis of. Numerical simulation shows that when there is no repair for the exposed computers, the infection rate is high (), but when exposed computers are being repaired, there is reduction in the number of exposed and infected computers).

QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY OF COMMERCIALLY SOLD STEAK MEAT “SUYA” IN IBADAN METROPOLIS: A MENACE TO PUBLIC HEALTH

2024-08-10T04:13:38+00:00

The study evaluated the quality and safety of suya—a popular ready-to-eat meat—produce in Ibadan, Nigeria. Suya samples were analyzed from four local government areas: Ibadan North-West (SB), Ibadan North (BD), Oluyole (NG), and Egbeda (EG). The microbial analysis showed significant contamination, with total bacterial counts exceeding recommended limits. Although coliform bacteria were absent, but the presence of Staphylococcus aureusin samples from BD and SB highlighted evidence of poor hygiene. Additionally, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in BD samples, posing foodborne illness risks. Heavy metals were analyzed, with Zinc within safe limit, but chromium significantly exceeded the 1.0 mg/kg limit in all samples. Cadmium was slightly above the threshold in samples from NG and EG. While lead was within acceptable limits. Arsenic was alarmingly high across all the samples. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for arsenic and chromium indicated significant exposure risks, with arsenic EDI surpassing the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) in all samples. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values for chromium and arsenic were above 1 in most samples, indicating potential health hazards, and Hazard Index (HI) values exceeded the safe threshold in all the samples for non-carcinogenic assessment, indicating a high possibility of adverse health effects. Exposure to arsenic and cadmium has been linked to high cancer risks, according to carcinogenic risk assessment utilizing incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values; all samples had ILCR values over the acceptable risk range. This study emphasizes the necessity of strict food safety laws, improved hygiene among suya vendors and public...

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR MODELING MAXIMUM FLOOD LEVELS

2024-08-10T04:13:25+00:00

Probability distributions play a pivotal role in data analysis, providing insights into the likelihood of outcomes and forming the basis for statistical inference. This article explores the significance and application of various continuous probability distributions through a comprehensive comparative analysis. Using real-life data on maximum flood levels, we evaluate the efficacy of selected distributions including the Normal, Standard Normal, Cauchy, Chi-Square, and T distributions. Model selection criteria such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) are employed to assess goodness of fit and predictive capabilities. The comparative analysis reveals insights into model selection efficiency, with AIC emerging as a top performer across distributions. Notably, the Chi-Square distribution demonstrates superior performance, highlighting its potential in diverse applications. In conclusion, , it's evident that AIC outshines both SIC and BIC across all distributions analyzed in this study, also, the paper underscores the importance of selecting appropriate distributions, providing valuable insights for statistical modeling and decision-making processes across disciplines.

LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SHORT-TERM TRAFFIC PREDICTION AT ROAD INTERSECTIONS

2024-08-10T04:13:12+00:00

The ability to predict short-term traffic designs enables Intelligent Transport Systems to proactively address potential events before they occur. Given the exponential growth in the volume, quality, and granularity of traffic data, novel techniques are necessary to effectively leverage this information to yield better outcomes while accommodating the ever-increasing data volumes and expanding urban areas. This study proposed a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network for traffic prediction at road junctions was proposed and designed for short-term road traffic density prediction utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks in implementation. The model was trained using the following dataset, vehicle ID, time of the day, vehicle type, weather condition, vehicle type and vehicle condition, obtained from road junctions and kaggle online dataset. The model was evaluated using the stated evaluation metrics, RMSE, SSE, R-Square, and R-Square Adjusted. The following results were obtained; RMSE was 0.128, SSE was 11.406357765197754, R-Square was 0.8670005614171354, and Adjusted R-Square was 0.8570256035234206.

MONITORING CLIMATE EXTREME EVENTS TREND IN NIGERIA USING CLIMPACT2 SOFTWARE

2024-08-10T16:00:58+00:00

Monitoring Nigeria climate extremes is essential for building resilience, reducing vulnerabilities, and ensuring sustainable development in the face of Nigerian changing climate. ClimPACT2 software is used in this research to quantify climate extreme indices rate of change in the three Nigerian climate zones. The weather inputs were daily precipitation, minimum and maximum air temperatures secondary data obtained from ERA5 from 1979 to 2021. The peaks of the maximum day and night temperatures were observed to be on significant increase in all the regions. WSDI is significantly increasing per year in the Savannah by about 1.19 and 1.14, 1.10 in monsoon and 0.50 in Sahel regions. CDD is significantly increasing per year by about 0.33 in Akure, 0.44 in Lokoja, 0.12 in Port Harcourt and insignificantly by about 0.46 in Katsina while CWD is observed to be decreasing in all the regions. The number of wet and very wet days were observed to be decreasing over the years indicating drying days. SPEI drought index on time scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 revealed significant increase in short time scale drought magnitudes of about 0.001 in Sahel while no significant change was observed in monsoon region. The analysis has shown significant warming trends in the Nigerian climate zones with significant implication on our climate, agriculture and overall environment leading to ecosystem disruptions. It is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to take note of these trends and consider implementing measures to mitigate its impacts

ASSESSMENT OF TRANSIENT VIBRATION EFFECTS OF A ROCKING STRUCTURE ON TWO-PARAMETER UPLIFTING FOUNDATION MODEL

2024-08-11T04:53:17+00:00

This study is on assessment of transient vibration of a rocking structure on two-parameter uplifting foundation model. This foundation model, Filonenko-Borodich (F-B) considers effect of continuity and interactions of the structure with the surrounding foundation surface. The foundation model aids uplift because of its elastic and flexible nature. During ground movement, some forces are generated which cause foundation to vibrate, rock and sometimes uplift due to increasing upward forces and then leading to reduction in the spring stiffness and increase in soil flexibility. This sometimes causes upward trend in the structural response which might affect structural integrity and stability. The use of damping and its effects on the structure response considering uplift are evaluated for a structure on two-parameter foundation. Equations describing the motion were developed by summing forces acting on the structure and foundation, considering equilibrium of moments for the conditions of before uplift and during uplift of the system in accordance using Newton’s second law of motion, D’Alembert’s principles. The resulting equations were solved by applying them in Duhamel Integral form and Simpson’s method used for the numerical solution for the structure responses. The result showed an upward trend in the structural responses during uplifting hence uplift of building foundation is not always beneficial.

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, PALEOENVIRONMENT AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF FIKA MEMBER OF PINDIGA FORMATION, GONGOLA SUB-BASIN, NORTHERN BENUE TROUGH, NE NIGERIA

2024-08-11T04:53:19+00:00

The Fika Member, a crucial stratigraphic unit within the Pindiga Formation, represents a significant geological entity with substantial implications for understanding the regional paleoenvironmental evolution and hydrocarbon prospectivity. This study integrates biostratigraphic analyses, sedimentological investigations, and hydrocarbon potential assessments to elucidate the depositional history, paleoenvironmental conditions, and source rock prospect of the Fika Member. Facies and their stratigraphical distribution analyses were conducted on the Fika Shale exposed mainly at Gabukka Stream 1 and 2. Twenty (20) samples collected were subjected for standard palynological and foraminifera analyses. A standard method of palynomorphs extraction that involves the use of Hydrofluoric and Hydrochloric acid was employed. For foraminifera analysis, washing and sieving method was used. It was discovered that agglutinated foraminifera are the dominance taxa in ten (10) out the twenty (20) samples studied. Based on the colours of the agglutinated foraminiferal and Foraminiferal Color Index (FCI) values suggest low thermal maturity for both oil and gas generation. The foraminiferal assemblages indicate marginal marine (fluvio marine) to shallow inner neritic environments. This is supported by the sedimentological data which indicates a shallow marine depositional environment. The biostratigraphic data suggest Santonian age for the Fika Member.

A NEW SECOND DERIVATIVE METHODS WITH HYBRID PREDICTORS FOR SOLVING STIFF AND NON-STIFF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

2024-08-25T04:56:47+00:00

This study derives new second derivative linear multistep methods with efficient criteria sufficient for the solvability of the stiff initial value problems by means of interpolation and collocation techniques. The hybrid predictors in the procedure are nested. The stiff initial value issues in ordinary differential equations were approximated by using power series as the basis function. The method's stability properties were examined and subsequently provided. The region of absolute stability of the novel schemes was studied using the boundary locus method. Through its combination as a block matrix, the resulting approaches are applied to solve a number of stiff initial value issues. The new techniques produced numerical findings and errors that compared favorably with some existing methods in the literature.

EVALUATING REMOTE SENSING-BASED DROUGHT INDICES: STRENGTHS, LIMITATIONS, AND APPLICABILITY ACROSS SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA'S AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES: A REVIEW

2024-08-25T04:56:49+00:00

This study reviews the application and effectiveness of various remote sensing (RS) indices for drought monitoring in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Given the region’s diverse climatic zones and frequent drought occurrences, accurate and timely assessment tools are crucial. The study examines indices from different spectral regions, including optical, thermal infrared, and microwave bands, focusing on their spatial and temporal resolutions, data availability, strengths, and limitations. Optical indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) are effective in semi-arid and sub-humid zones where vegetation density varies. Thermal infrared indices, including the Temperature Condition Index (TCI), the Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), provide insights into thermal anomalies and vegetation health, with TCI particularly suited for semi-arid zones and TVDI useful in both semi-arid and sub-humid zones. Microwave indices, such as the Normalized Backscatter Moisture Index (NBMI), Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD), and the Microwave Polarization Difference Index (MPDI), excel in capturing soil moisture and vegetation water content, proving useful in humid forest and semi-arid zones. The integration of these indices with other meteorological and hydrological data enhances drought monitoring and management strategies. Recommendations are made for the optimal use of these indices across different SSA agroecological zones.

APPLICATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESISTIVITY PARAMETERS IN EVALUATING AQUIFER POTENTIAL AND VULNERABILITY WITHIN KABBA, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

2024-08-26T04:56:56+00:00

The study area depends on groundwater as a major source of potable and healthy water supply. However, its occurrence and quality vary with low yield or abortive borehole drilled in some part. Therefore, there is need to properly investigate the geology and groundwater condition of the area using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Dar Zarrouk parameters. The different rock types identified are migmatite-gneiss, granite-gneiss, schist, and charnockite. Forty (40) VES was carried out which revealed five to four geo-electric layers. These are top soil, lateritic clay, confining weathered basement, weathered/fractured basement aquifers and fresh basement. The types of curves identified are HA and KQ. The average depth to groundwater is 55.00m, this indicate that borehole should be drilled within or above the average depth to avoid later drying of wells. The value of aquifer resistivity and thickness was used to calculate longitudinal conductance, transverse resistance, hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The longitudinal conductance varies from poor to good in protective capacity class and revealed that the groundwater is easily exposed to contamination. The aquifer resistivity, thickness with transverse resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity were used to classified the groundwater into different zones. The groundwater potential within the study area varies from low to very good with most of the area having moderate potential zones distributed mainly within the migmatite gneiss and the schist. The study area has fractures that can produce water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purpose and the result can be used for proper management of groundwater resources.

EFFICACY OF INTRAPERITONEAL BUPIVACAINE INSTILLATION FOR POSTOPERATIVE PAIN CONTROL: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STUDY

2024-08-26T04:56:57+00:00

Laparoscopic surgery is associated with better pain experience, reduced Length of Hospital Stay and better scar. However, the resulting postoperative pain is distinct and can be disturbing, hence the need for multimodal analgesia. The side effects of parenteral analgesics and low practice of regional anaesthesia has limited their role in multimodal analgesia. Therefore, strategies that limit the reliance on these pain control modalities will be beneficial. Our study evaluated the efficacy of intraperitoneal instillation of plain bupivacaine after laparoscopic surgeries. The double blinded randomized study enrolled 50 consenting patients who fulfilled recruitment criteria. The bupivacaine group received 20mls of 0.25% plain Bupivacaine while the saline group received 20mls normal saline instillation into the peritoneal cavity via the umbilical port of the laparoscopy device. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was assessed at presentation at the Post anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours afterward. In addition, the interval between end of surgery, first request for analgesia and total analgesic requirements were recorded. The VAS at presentation was significantly lower in the Bupivacaine group compared to the saline group, however, there was no statistically significant difference at other times. In addition, there was a significant difference in time to first analgesic request in both groups. The only observed post operative complications were nausea and vomiting. Intraperitoneal Instillation of Bupivacaine is an easy, non-invasive, cheaper and safer method of pain control following laparoscopic surgery in carefully selected patients.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BOVINE FASCIOLIASIS: PREVALENCE AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN KATSINA ABATTOIR NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA

2024-08-27T04:56:59+00:00

Bovine fascioliasis, caused by liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, significantly affects cattle health and production globally. This study evaluated the prevalence and haemato-biochemical changes associated with bovine fascioliasis in 134 cattle at Katsina Central Abattoir. Using the sedimentation technique, faecal samples revealed a 3.73% infection rate, with females showing a higher prevalence (4.55%) than males (2.17%), though not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The age group 2-3 years had the highest prevalence (25.00%), with significant differences among age groups (P < 0.05). Among breeds, Wadara had the highest prevalence (20.00%) compared to White Fulani (4.93%), with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Medium-conditioned cattle showed the highest prevalence (6.67%) versus good-conditioned ones (1.37%) with significant difference (P < 0.05). Infected cattle exhibited significant reductions (P < 0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and total erythrocyte count (RBC), as well as decreases in white blood cell count (WBC), mean cellular volume (MCV), and mean cellular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Biochemical analysis indicated elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB) levels (P < 0.05), with reduced albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), and conjugated bilirubin (CB) levels (P < 0.05). These results highlight the significant impact of bovine fascioliasis on cattle health in Katsina State, emphasizing the need for effective control strategies.

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF A SINGLE CHAMBER MICROBIAL FUEL CELL (MFC)

2024-08-27T04:57:00+00:00

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent renewable energy technology with potential applications in electricity generation. This study aimed to construct and evaluate the performance of a single-chamber MFC using soil samples. Two MFCs were built for this purpose: one to assess performance by monitoring the variation of voltage and current over time, and the other to examine the effect of cathode surface area on MFC performance. Microbial fuel cells are important due to their potential to generate renewable energy, treat wastewater, remediate contaminated environments, serve as biosensors, and be scalable and integrated with other technologies, making them a promising solution for addressing various environmental and energy challenges. Notable results included recording maximum currents and voltages of 2.2 mA and 0.6 V, respectively, which elucidated the non-linear relationship between current and voltage. Additionally, it was found that the cathode surface area has a direct impact on the current produced. The polarization curve, illustrating current density as a function of voltage, was also analyzed. Another significant finding was a coulombic efficiency of 92.6%. Furthermore, connecting the MFCs in series achieved a voltage of 1.363 V. These results indicate substantial progress in the field. This study contributed to the advancement of MFC technology and its potential for practical applications in renewable energy generation, wastewater treatment, and environmental sustainability.

TOXICITY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES OF Datura innoxia STEM ON Clarias gariepinus JUVENILES

2024-08-27T04:56:58+00:00

The acute toxicity and haematological changes of Datura innoxia stem on Clarias gariepinus juveniles was investigated in a static bioassay to determine the Median Lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) at 96 hrs of exposure. Six graded concentrations of 0, 320, 330,340, 350 and 360mg/l of the aqueous extract were applied to C. gariepinus juveniles in plastic bowls. The result obtained revealed the 96hrs LC₅₀ values to be 86.67mg/l with an 87% confidence interval between the lower and higher limits of 320 and 360mg/l. Fish exposed to acute toxicity test exhibited several abnormal behaviours, including air gulping/gasping, erratic swimming, discolouration haemorrhage, loss of reflex and molting were observed at the bottom of the bowl just before death The oxygen consumption by juveniles decreased with increased concentrations of Datura innoxia stem extract. The packed cell volume (31.34-34.78%), the red blood cell counts (1.75-2.01), haemoglobin (9.03-11.12g/dl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were significantly depleted while, white blood cell counts (6.05-7.21) significantly decreases as the concentrations of Datura innoxia stem extract increases. The implication of these findings revealed that the stem of D. innoxia stem have negative effects on the test fish. The toxic effect of Datura innoxia stem on Clarias gariepinus juveniles were both time (12hrs) and dose dependent (340mg/l). It was concluded that Datura innoxia stem are harmful to Clarias gariepinus juveniles with significant haematological alterations.

IMPROVING FISH POND WATER QUALITY THROUGH CLAY-FILTRATION AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT METHOD

2024-08-27T04:56:58+00:00

This study sought to evaluate the physical, chemical and bacterial parameters of fish pond wastewater after treatment using clay filtration and biological treatment methods. Appropriate parameters were analyzed in other to determine the quality of the wastewater before and after treatment with clay, using standard methods. The clay sample used, which was obtained from Ossiomo Edo State was also analyzed by measuring its mineralogical and geochemical composition using x-ray diffractometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer respectively. The clay was found to be composed mainly of kaolinite and alumino-silicates. From the result obtained from the treatment of the fish pond wastewater showed significant percentage reduction in the relevant pollution parameters (electrical conductivity - 54.39% reduction, biochemical oxygen demand - 95.94% reduction, total dissolved solids - 40.25% reduction, chloride - 89.40% reduction, ammonia-nitrogen - 92.27% reduction, phosphate - 23.24% reduction, turbidity 94.11% reduction, total bacteria count - 92.57% reduction). The values obtained after treatment were lower than WHO and FEPA limit values and favoured quality production of fish and other non-potable usage, indicating that clay filtration is a cost-effective and eco-friendly method which can be employed in the treatment of fish pond wastewater.

LOGISTIC REGRESSION TECHNIQUE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREDICTION

2024-08-28T04:57:03+00:00

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death in the world. Over four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. CVD high mortality has led to about 17 million deaths worldwide. Several machine and deep learning techniques are used to classify the presence and absence of CVD. This paper presents a logistic regression (LR) technique for predicting the risk of heart diseases (HD). The goal is to create an LR algorithm and build a prediction model that would foretell the development of HD. The dataset included data on 207 patients, featuring the following: age, sex, chest pain type, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, fasting blood sugar > 120 mg/dl, electrocardiogram results, maximum heart rate, exercise-induced angina, ST depression, slope of the ST segment, number of major vessels colored by fluoroscopy, and thallium scan results. Using this dataset to train the LR technique, a robust model was created to accurately predict the existence of HD in new patients. With an accuracy of 81%, a precision of 83%, and a recall score of 76%, the accuracy, precision, and recall key metrics were used to evaluate the model's efficacy. The model’s accuracy was compared to alternative methods, such as K-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree classifiers, which yielded accuracy of 81% and 76%, respectively. The obtained results are of great significance for healthcare providers – the proposed model can assist in identifying those who are at high risk of heart diseases and allow for early implementation of prophylactic...

INVESTIGATION OF GENDER-BASED INTEREST IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING ENGAGEMENTS AMONG STUDENTS OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, NEW BUSSA

2024-08-28T04:57:04+00:00

IMPROVEMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF A COIR REINFORCED LATERITE

2024-08-28T04:57:02+00:00

Laterites used mostly for construction in the tropics can sometimes be problematic due to insufficient geotechnical properties. This explores the potential benefits of incorporating coir reinforcement into laterite. Coir, derived from coconut husk fibers is a sustainable, renewable and abundant resource that has high tensile strength, low density, and good resistance to decay. Geotechnical properties such as Liquid limit (LL), Plastic limit, Plasticity index, Maximum dry density, Optimum moisture content (OMC) and California bearing ratio (CBR) of the laterite were determined before reinforcement. The coir was cut into different lengths (3 to 5 cm) and added to the laterite at different percentages (0.25 to 1.5% at 0.25% increment). The geotechnical properties of the reinforced soil were determined and the results were analyzed using analysis of variance and fuzzy logic. The CBR of the reinforced soil was predicted using fiber content, OMC, and LL The precision of the fuzzy logic model was obtained by comparing the model results with the actual experimental results. Addition of fiber at 0.25% was found to be the optimum as it increased the CBR of the soil by 27.24% and reduced the Liquid limit by 15.47%. The fuzzy logic prediction has a RMSE of 1.18, MAPE of 4.68% and R-squared of 0.98 which shows that the fuzzy logic model is satisfactory. The study concluded that coir is a potential reinforcement for improving the geotechnical properties of laterite and that Fuzzy Logic can be used to predict the CBR of coir reinforced laterite.

EXPLORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa ISOLATES FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS USING SOYBEAN HULL AS A BIOSTIMULANT: A FOCUS ON ETPH AND PAHs

2024-08-30T04:57:09+00:00

The Speciated EPA-16 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crude oil pose significant environmental and health risks due to their harmful properties. This study focused on indigenous bacteria capable of degrading Extractable Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPHs) and PAHs through a Nutrient-Amended Bioaugmentation Strategy (N-ABS). Crude oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from contaminated soil in Alakiri Community, Rivers State, Nigeria, leading to the identification of four Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (KUD1-4) via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioremediation treatments, using both bacterial isolates and Soybean hull as a biostimulant, showed that P. aeruginosa KUD2 achieved the highest removal efficiencies of 96.59% for ETPHs and 80.00% for PAHs. This study underscores the potential of P. aeruginosa KUD2 and Soybean hull in remediating crude oil-contaminated soils.

AN EVALUATION OF A SELF-REGULATORY APPLICATION FOR THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF STUDENTS’ STUDY HABITS

2024-09-02T13:10:18+00:00

The academic performance of a student has a connection with his or her study habits. Existing research indicates that there is inadequate assessment of technology-based self-directed strategies implemented in self-study applications for effective management of students’ learning habits. In this study, the case-based approach was adopted in the design of ‘Study Pal’, a self-regulatory mobile application implemented with strategies outlined in the Zimmerman cyclic model – forethought, performance, and reflection stages. An evaluation of the solution for efficacy recorded an 89% success rate using the cloud-based semi-automated tool – TestRail. The findings suggest that it is very effective at enhancing student study habits through self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies, guiding students in planning, executing, and reflecting on their study activities to develop good academic performance and higher self-regulation. It therefore confirms technological involvement in the capacity of SRL apps to enhance and assess students' study habits. Consequently, the study’s findings not only contribute to the existing pool of knowledge in the domain but also foster motivation and engagement among students leading to improved academic performances. On the other hand, the study shades concern on the reflection features implemented which may benefit from additional features to improve the overall study outcome.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF DUTSE METROPOLIS, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2024-08-31T04:57:09+00:00

The purpose of this study was to examine the equipment used in five hospitals located in Jigawa state. Finding Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on hospital equipment in a few Dutse metropolitan hospitals was the main goal. Three hundred and fifty hospital instruments in all were swabbed and then examined. Tests for antibiotic susceptibility were conducted after S. aureus was isolated and identified. The isolates were most effectively treated by gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, according to the results. Primary healthcare facilities contained 31 S. aureus isolates and 16.67% MRSA isolates, whereas secondary healthcare hospitals had 48 S. aureus isolates and 55.56% MRSA isolates. There were 25 S. aureus isolates and 27.78% MRSA isolates from tertiary healthcare facilities. The mecA and blaZ genes' polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed amplicons of 336 bp and 400 bp, respectively, which were in line with control samples. Six of the 11 isolates that were tested tested positive for mecA, suggesting resistance to methicillin, and nine tested positive for blaZ, indicating the synthesis of B-lactamase. In conclusion, patients, medical staff, and the general public are seriously threatened by the MRSA infection that exists in these facilities.

NAVIGATING PERSISTENT CHALLENGES: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND EXPOSURE RISKS IN PADDY FIELDS

2024-08-31T04:57:11+00:00

This study evaluates public exposure to and awareness of toxic metal and pesticide contamination in paddy fields, and examines attitudes toward paying a premium for safe rice. It also explores rice consumption patterns and sources to inform stakeholders such as farmers, policymakers, and marketers. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 600 respondents across four rice-producing communities in Nigeria: Igbemo (Ekiti), Pategi (Kwara), Isoku (Ogun), and Akeke (Edo). The study used both close-ended and open-ended questions to capture detailed responses about public health risks related to pesticide and heavy metal contamination. Descriptive statistics and binary regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that most Nigerians prefer locally grown rice, which they consume regularly or occasionally. About 13% of respondents reported chemical exposure from paddy fields via their diet, and 12-13.9% experienced health problems linked to contaminated rice. Approximately 36.6% were aware of pesticide and heavy metal contamination in their area. Those aware of mitigation efforts were 14.9 times more willing to pay a premium for safe rice (B = .879, X2 = 14.901; p < 0.05). Educational initiatives were identified as the most effective strategy to reduce contamination, with 44.1% of respondents supporting this approach. Improving agricultural practices (24.3%) and enforcing regulatory standards (23.4%) were also deemed important, while 8.3% favored promoting diverse rice varieties. These results underscore the need for enhanced public education, improved agricultural methods, and stricter regulations to ensure rice safety and sustainability.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING LEAF EXTRACT OF AZADIRECHTA INDICA: CHARACTERISATION AND ACTIVITY AGAINST TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCIE

2024-08-31T04:57:10+00:00

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALICYLALDEHYDE AND 2,4-DINITROPHENYL HYDRAZINE SCHIFF BASE WITH ITS COBALT (II) AND MANGANESE (II) COMPLEXES

2024-08-31T04:57:11+00:00

The synthesis of Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine and its metal complexes were undertaken. This synthesis was achieved via the reflux condensation of salicylaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine. Two metal complexes were prepared by coordinating the as-synthesized ligand with Cobalt (II) and Manganese (II) ions. The structures of the prepared ligand and the complexes were confirmed from the Fourier transformed infrared analysis. A laboratory tests were employed to study the melting and decomposition temperatures, Solubility, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. The ligand obtained was a pale orange in colour with a percentage yield of 67% and melting point of 220ºC, The Cobalt(II) complex was found to be Orange in colour with 89% percentage yield and 250ºC decomposition temperature and the Manganese(II) complex was found to be a deep orange colour with 81% percentage yield and 246ºC decomposition temperature, The ligand and the complexes were found to be insoluble in water and slightly soluble in some common organic solvents, All the complexes are found to be paramagnetic in nature.

SOIL MICROBIAL LOADS IN THREE DIFFERENT LAND USE IN MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND TEACHING FARM, UMUDIKE, ABIA STATE

2024-08-31T09:23:30+00:00

The distribution and abundance of soil microbes were studied under three different land uses (arable land, forest land and pasture land) in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Research and Teaching Farms, Umudike, Abia State to observe the impact of land use on fungi and bacteria populations. Soil samples were collected at 3 sampling points from each land use type at 0 – 20 cm depth. From the data collected, the populations of Bacillus and Aspergillus species showed some level of significance at 5%. The results of some soil properties studied revealed that the soil chemical properties and microbial distribution varied with land use systems. The total viable count of Bacillus population under forest land (18.00×10³±8.72 CFU/g) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than pasture land (3.00×10³±1.00 CFU/g) and arable land (8.67×10³±3.79 CFU/g).Also, forest land was observed to have the highest total viable count of bacteria population of 1.52×10⁵±0.84 CFU/g). Values of Aspergillus population was highest in arable land (1.33×10³±0.58 CFU/g) but was statistically similar (p>0.05) to forest land and pasture land. Population of fungi was significantly the same in the different land use types. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in soil pH, with arable land giving the highest mean value of 5.4±0.17. Organic carbon content was highest in pasture (3.33±0.17) and forest land uses (3.10±0.79) and significantly (p<0.05) different from that of arable land (2.10±0.22). In this study, land use affected microbial population and also influenced organic matter content.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES ON IRON (II) COMPLEX OF SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM ORTHOPHENYLENEDIAMMINE AND 2-NITROBENZALDEHYDE

2024-09-01T04:57:11+00:00

The synthesis and characterization of Schiff base derived from Orthophenylenediammine and 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde and its Iron (II) complex were undertaken. It was prepared by the condensation reaction of Orthophenylenediammine and 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde. Its Iron (II) metal complex was synthesized by coupling Iron (II) chloride with the formed ligand. These ligands and their complexes were characterized on the basis of their melting point and Decomposition temperature of the Schiff base and metal(II) complexes respectively, infrared spectral analysis, Solubility test, conductivity Test and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The ligand was found to be yellow in colour with a percentage yield of 50% and melting point of 265ºC, The Iron (II) complex was found to be Redish brown in colour with 55% percentage yield and 300ºC decomposition temperature, The ligand and the Iron (II) complex were found to be insoluble in water, n-hexane and Acetone and slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol and completely soluble in Dimethyl sulphoxide, The Iron (II) complex was found to be paramagnetic in nature, A band at 1525cm^-1 of the ligand showed that the Aldehyde coordinated with the primary amine.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING MATERIALS ON THE KEEPING QUALITY OF KULIKULI

2024-09-01T04:57:09+00:00

The effects of different packaging materials: plastic material, aluminium foil, glass material, low density polyethylene bag (LDPB) and a blend of plastic materials and LDPB on the keeping quality of kulikuli was studied. The quality indices studied were peroxide value, free fatty acid, saponification value and sensory attributes using standard methods. The results of the study showed that at the end of first week of storage, stored snacks exhibited different variabilities in the quality parameters measured. Snacks stored in foil paper and in a blend of plastic and LDPB had significantly (p<0.05) lower levels of quality indices measured. However, snacks stored in glass material and LDPB had higher values. At the end of the third week of storage, snack samples showed increased fatty acids, peroxide and saponification values which ranged from 8.97 – 13.46 mg/100 g, 12.40 – 13.40 meqO₂/kg 84.15 – 44.80 mg KOH/g, respectively. Snacks stored in foil paper and in a blend of plastic and LDPB mantained lower levels of quality indices measured. Similarly, there were steady increase in free fatty acid, peroxide and saponification values of the snack samples with increasing storage time up to the seventh week of storage. Therefore, it can be deduced from this study that snacks stored in a blend of plastic and LDPB and foil paper alone up to three weeks maintained good product quality based on indices measured.

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SOLAR STILL WITH AND WITHOUT BASIN LINE WITH BLACK POLYTHENE FILM

2024-09-01T04:57:11+00:00

Since a solar still's optimal performance is crucial, improvements to both its component designs and environmental factors have received attention. Thus, the focus of this study was the solar still basin. First, a black polythene film was used to line the basin of a planned solar still. The yield of this method was assessed, and then the black polythene film was taken out of the basin and another assessment was made. Hourly measurements of the ambient, glass, basin, and solar intensity as well as the distilled water were made in each case. The experiments' results showed that the temperature of the environment, the glass, and the water in the solar still's basin all increased in tandem with the sun's intensity. The solar still's production rose by 9.1 % per day on average when 0.15 mm black polythene film was used to line the basin. The study confirms that using black polythene film into solar still designs provides a workable and effective way to increase potable water production rates.

ASSOCIATION OF PERCEIVED STRESS WITH ABO BLOOD GROUP PHENOTYPES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN KANO, NIGERIA

2024-09-01T04:57:10+00:00

EFFECTS OF HYDRAZONE COMPOUND DERIVED FROM 4-AMINO ANTIPYRINE AND BUTANEDIONE AND ITS Ni (II) COMPLEX ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND DIFFERENTIAL BLOOD COUNT OF ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2024-09-02T04:57:45+00:00

In this study, the effect of Schiff base compound derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine and 1-phenylbutan-1,3-dione and its Ni(II) complex, on the haematology indices of diabetic rats was investigated. A single intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight), induced diabetes. The rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight of 3-[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-Phenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazol-4-yl)Hydrazinylidene]-1-Phenylbutanedione (HL) and its Ni(II) complex ([Ni(HL)₂]Cl₂) respectively for 14 days, following which they were humanely sacrificed under chloroform. A heart puncture was used to collect blood, and some of the blood samples were analyzed to evaluate white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and differential blood count profiles. Red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume concentrations in rats treated with HL and [Ni(HL)₂]Cl₂ in (low and high doses) increased when compared with untreated group B diabetic rats. The Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes were observed to be bad in the diabetic rats; this was significantly better in the treatment groups. HL and [Ni(HL)₂]Cl₂ have therapeutic promise as functional medicines against diabetes and complete blood count alterations linked to diabetes mellitus, as demonstrated by these studies. In the diabetic group, oxidative stress results in RBC dysfunction, platelet destruction, and tissue injury. These affect the functions of blood cells and the haemostatic parameters which may lead to various complications. As a result, these substances may be used as medication therapy for diabetes since they lower the glucose concentration without alterations in blood cells.

CO-INFECTION OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND MALARIA ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AMONG RESIDENTS ALONG HADEJIA RIVER VALLEY, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2024-09-01T04:57:12+00:00

EFFECTS OF PROCESSING ON THE PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CULTURED AND CAPTURED CLARIAS GARIEPPINUS

2024-09-02T04:57:46+00:00

Fish and fish products serve as vital protein sources in Africa and the world in general. Since fish is typically processed before consumption, this study investigated how different processing methods affect the proximate and mineral composition of both cultured and captured Clarias gariepinus. The processing techniques employed in this research included smoking, boiling, and oven drying. Cultured catfish were sourced from Oris Farm in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, while captured catfish were obtained from Asejire Dam in Oyo State. The proximate and mineral compositions of fresh, boiled, smoked, and oven-dried samples of both cultured and captured Clarias gariepinus were analyzed in triplicate. The results indicated significant differences (P<0.05) in crude protein, dry matter, moisture, ash, fiber, potassium, and phosphorus content among the different processing methods for both cultured and captured catfish samples. Potassium and phosphorus levels also varied significantly (P<0.05) across the processing methods. Boiled and oven-dried samples of both cultured and captured catfish exhibited higher crude protein and lipid content, suggesting that these processing methods provide consumers with a rich source of protein and essential nutrients. The study concludes that boiling and oven drying with samples possessing highest percentages of protein are the most effective processing methods for preparing Clarias gariepinus, ensuring optimal nutrient retention for consumers.

A NEW DUAL HEURISTIC ALGORITHM FOR FINDING THE INITIAL BASIC FEASIBLE SOLUTION FOR A TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

2024-09-02T04:57:45+00:00

Because determining the best initial basic feasible solution (IBFS) for a transportation problem is so crucial, numerous authors have expended a great deal of energy developing effective algorithms that will result in the lowest possible cost of moving products from a given source to a destination. The goal of this work was to develop an efficient dual algorithm for finding an initial basic feasible solution to a transportation problem (TP). Two distinct algorithms that produce the same IBFS make up our suggested approach. Compared to some popular methods in the literature, Using four numerical examples, the Row Minimum Method (RMM), Column Minimum Method (CMM), Least Cost Method (LCM), Extremum Difference Method (EDM), Northwest Corner Method (NWCM), Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM), etc. In comparison to the other heuristic techniques compared with the optimal dictate solution modified distribution (MODI), the proposed heuristic approach (PS-DESPAN) approximation was shown to provide a better starting solution (a solution that is extremely close to the optimal solution)

PREVALENCE OF MALARIA PARASITE AMONG PEOPLE RESIDING ALONG HADEJIA RIVER VALLEY, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2024-09-02T04:57:47+00:00

ESTIMATING STATISTICAL POWER FOR A TWO-FACTOR ANOVA DESIGN WITH MISSING DATA THROUGH MULTIPLE IMPUTATION

2024-09-01T19:37:50+00:00

Missing data is a common issue in experimental research that can undermine the statistical power and validity of results. Procedures for estimating statistical power for a two-sample t-test for incomplete data have been documented in the literature. This study extends the existing procedures to more than two samples. A power estimation formula is derived for a two-factor ANOVA model with missing values addressed through multiple imputation (MI). The within-imputation variance from Rubin’s rules was substituted into the power calculation formula. Experimental data on the antifungal properties of plant extracts was analyzed in a two-factor design using SPSS version 27. Statistical power was investigated at 8%, 16%, and 40% levels of missingness; 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 effect sizes and 20, 30, 40, and 100 number of imputations. The study reveals that the number of missing observations, the effect size, and the number of imputations have an impact on statistical power in a two-factor ANOVA design; as effect size and the number of imputations increase, statistical power increases but decreases with higher missingness. The power analysis presented in this study can be extended to higher ANOVA models.

E-WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH DEEP LEARNING: A SEQUENTIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH

2024-09-01T19:39:48+00:00

The goal of this research is to improve the management of electronic trash (e-waste) by using a Sequential Neural Network (SNN) with TensorFlow and Keras as part of an advanced deep learning technique. In order to address the growing problem of e-waste, the research collects a large amount of data from images of e-waste and then carefully preprocesses and augments those images. With precision, recall, and F1 scores of 87%, 86%, and 86%, respectively, the SNN architecture—which incorporates dropout, pooling, and convolutional layers—achieved an amazing 100% classification accuracy. These outstanding outcomes show how well the model can classify e-waste components, suggesting that it has the potential to be used in real-world scenarios. The results indicate that the SNN-based approach greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of e-waste sorting, promoting environmental sustainability and resource conservation. By automating the sorting process, the suggested system decreases the need for manual labor, minimizes human error, and speeds up processing. The study emphasizes the model's suitability for integration into current e-waste management workflows, providing a scalable and dependable way to expedite the recycling process. Additionally, the model's real-time applicability highlights its potential to revolutionize current e-waste management practices, making a positive ecological impact. . Future research endeavors will center on broadening the dataset to include a wider range of e-waste image categories, investigating more advanced deep learning architectures, and incorporating the system with Internet of Things (IoT) devices to improve real-time monitoring and management.

NANOBIOPESTICIDES IN POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF CROPS: PRESENT STATUS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS – A REVIEW

2024-09-01T19:37:01+00:00

The major universal challenge on our planet is the issue of establishing food security for a rapidly increasing population in the world. Farmers all over the world focus on using new innovations and technologies for enhancing the production and storage of crops through intensive and extensive agriculture. The current efforts lead to the formation of nanopesticides and nanobiopesticides (NBPs) which has been made possible by advances in nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is one of the promising areas to boost the availability of food and to manufacture newer products for beneficial purposes in agriculture, food, water, the environment, medicine, energy, and electronics.NBPs are made using a variety of surfactants, polymers, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and metal nanoparticles with sizes in the nanometer range. These NBPs with an elevated surface-to-volume ratio are able to target organisms more effectively and persistently than traditional pesticides because of their physical characteristics and may continue to be effective for longer periods of time. In comparison to conventional pesticides, NBPs have the potential to improve the environment by decreasing toxicity, extending the shelf life of agricultural produce with the aid of nanoparticles, and enhancing the solubility of pesticides that are poorly soluble in water. However, the commercialization of NBPs faces significant obstacles due to their applicability in real-world settings, legal compliance, and market acceptability. Enhancing the usage and spread of NBPs are beneficial in reducing the number of spread chemicals, minimize nutrient losses in fertilization, and increased yield through pest and nutrient management.

A SURVEY OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR TRAFFIC MOVEMENT PREDICTION

2024-08-11T04:53:18+00:00

In most developed cities globally, traffic congestion has become a major challenge to commuters and road users. In most of the urbanized nations, there are traffic gridlock at certain periods of the day (peak periods). Road users spend alot of time at these gridlocks, wasting a lot of working hours. This gridlock has also resulted to air pollution and accident. Many researchers have develoed different vehicular movement prediction models for better traffic prediction. In this paper, we surveyed different traffic prediction model for congestion management.

INDUSTRIAL MINERAL POTENTIAL OF PEGMATITES IN THE LOKOJA AREA (SHEETS 247NW AND 247SW), NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA

2024-08-25T04:56:48+00:00