ANTI BACTERIAL ACTIVITY-GUIGED ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE COMPOUND FROM ACACIA SENEGAL PLANT LEAVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1005-4344Keywords:
Acacia Senegal, Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical Analysis, Antibiotic ResistanceAbstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains such as Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus has necessitated the search for alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly from plant sources. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Acacia senegal medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of infectious diseases. Crude extract was obtained via ethanol maceration and subsequently fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, phenolics, steroids, and saponins in A. Senegal. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method against clinical isolates of S. typhi and S. aureus. The results demonstrated that chloroform and hexane extracts of A. senegal exhibited strong inhibitory effects against S. typhi (zones up to 24.5 mm). (43 mm at 100 mg/ml) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays confirmed the potency of the extracts, particularly methanol and ethanol fractions. Bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H & ¹³C NMR). The major compound isolated from A. senegal was identified as lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, based on characteristic NMR signals (δC 151.01, 109.33, 79.03 ppm; δH 5.30–5.35, 4.95–5.05, ~3.35–3.60 ppm). These findings validate the ethnomedicinal use of the plant and suggest its potential as sources of novel antibacterial agents
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