EFFECTS OF SCARIFICATION ON EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF DATE PALM (Phoenix dactylifera) IN MAKURDI, SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH
Abstract
The Study was conducted at the nursery of the Teaching and Research Farm Joseph Sarwun Taker University (JOSTUM), Makurdi, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of different seed treatment on seed germination and seedling establishment of some date varieties. Factorial combination of five seed treatments (hot water, cold water, H2ÂSO4, moist sawdust and control) and three varieties (Ajwah, Matinal, and Deglenurr) were laid in a Complete Randomized Block Design replicated three times. Data were collected on Germination Percentage, plant height, leaf width, stem girth and number of leaves at 4 – 18 weeks after planting. Data were subjected to two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separation by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance. Results revealed that sawdust scarification had the highest average germination percentage of 83.20%, plant height (43.91 cm), leaf width (1.96 mm), leaf length (25.17 cm), stem diameter (14.12 mm) and number of leaves (4.50). The results further showed that Degletnur variety had the highest germination percentage of 81.04%, plant height of 25.38cm, stem diameter (7.74 mm) and number of leaf (3.83) at the end of the study. The study revealed that breaking dormancy with sawdust material is effective and Degletnur variety of date palm gave the highest growth parameter so also 2021 season gave the highest in all the parameters considered. Therefore scarification using sawdust should be adopted in breaking dormancy in date’s palm with Degletnur variety
References
Al-Mssallem, I., Hu, S., Zhang, X. and Dada, U.W. (2013). Genome sequence of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. National Conference of horticulture, pp; 274-292.
Al-Sakran M.S., Muneer S.E., (2006). Adoption of Date Palm Tissue Culture Technology among Date Palm Producers in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. Research Bulletin No. 145, Agricultural Research Center, Food Sciences and Agriculture journal, 2(3): 1−20.
Amy, R. (2010). How long will it take a date palm tree seed to germinate? Retrieved from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/long-date-palm-tree-seed-germinate-44206.html (12 march 2017).
Basu, U. and Mukhernice, S. H. (2000). The effects of various treatments on the germination of important leguminous shrub-tree species on the cultivate of Oman. Seed Science and Technology conference, Pp: 691 – 699.
Baskin J. M. and Baskin, C. C. (2004). A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research journal 14, 1- 16.
Black, M. H. and Halmer, P. (2006). The Encyclopedia of Seeds. Science, Technology and uses Wallingford, Macmilian Publishers, pp: 231-345.
Carpenter, W.J. (1993).Temperature and imbibition effects on seed germination of Sabal palmetto and Serenoa ripen. Horticultural science journal, 2(2):60-72.
Covy D. Jones, Mikel R. Stevens, Von D. Jolly, Bryan G. Hopkins, Scoh L. Jensen, Dave Turner and Jason M. Strettler (2016). Evaluation of thermal and chemical and mechanical seed scarification methods for 4 Great Basin: Lewis publishers, pp 267-301.
FAOSTAT, (2009). Crop Production 2008, Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Idowu, B.F. and Samuel, O.A. (2019). Cocoa growth and development under different nursery and field conditions. In technology open conference, pp:80-90
Junisk, T. P., M. J. Hill & Margot E. H. Johnston (2021). "l. Acid Treatment and mechanical scarification". New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture.3:81–84.
Junaik G.S., Malik K.L., Amber G.R. and Islam E.Y. (2012) Germination in vitro, micropropagation and cryogenic storage for three rare pitcher plants. Sarracemia oreophila Raf and S. purpurea spp. Venosa (Raf) Wherry. Journal of Horticultural Science 47(1): 74 – 80.
Johnson D. V., (2010). World Wide Dispersal of the Date Palm from its Homeland. Acta Hort., 882,369−375
.
Johnson, D.V. (2011). Introduction: date palm biotechnology from theory to practice. In: Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. and Alkhayri, J.M. (Eds). Springer Science +Business media B.
Kimura, E. and Islam, M.A. (2012). Seed scarification methods and their use in forage legumes.Research Journal of Seed science, Vol.2: 120-122. http;//sciaalert.net/fulltextmobile/doi=rjss.2012.38.50.
Mohammed, H., G. Hosseininia, H. Azadi and M. Fatemi (2019) Enhancing date palm processing, marketing and pest control through organic culture. Journal of organic systems. 3(2): 29-39.
Mohammed, M. T. (2018). The effect of Prawning and artificial dormancy breaking techniques on germination and seedling establishment of date palm. Research and Review: Journal of biology. 6: (3)13 – 17.
Ndubizu, T. O. C. (1982, August). Advances in fruit farming in Nigeria. In VII Symposium on Horticultural Economics, XXI IHC 135 Pp. 137-152).
Oh, S. J., Shin, P. G., Weon, H. Y., Chon, G. H. (2003). Effect of fermented sawdust on Pleurotus Spawn. Microbiology Journal 31(1): 46 – 49.
Okunlola, A. I., Adebayo, R. A. and Orimogunye, A. D. (2019). Methods of breaking seed dormancy on germination and early seedling growth of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa). Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 3(1): 1 – 6.
Oil, V.O., Paul., U.E., and S.U. Remison. (2003). The effects of soaking, heat treatment and growth regulators on the germination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research. 7(1): 107-119.
Purohitt, S., Nandi, S. K., Palni, L. M. S., Giri, L. and Bhatt, A. (2015). Effect of sulphoric acid treatment on breaking hard seedcoat dormancy and subsequent seedling establishment in Zanthoxylum armatum DC: An endangered medicinal plant of the Himalayan region. Journal of academic Science, 38(4): 301 – 304.
Solomons, N. W. (2002). Fermentation, fermented foods and lactose intolerance. European journal of Clinical Nutrition. 5; (5)50.
Wowu, A.M. and Samuel O.L. (2019). “The fruit of the date palm: its possible use as the best food for the future†International journal of food science and nutrition. 54(4): 247 – 259.
Zaid, A., de Wet, P.F. (2002b). In Date palm cultivation, Date palm propagation, ed Zaid A. (Food and Agriculture Organization Plant Production and Protection Paper no. 156. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy), Pp 73–10.
Zirari A., (2010). Effects of Time of Pollination and of Pollen Source on Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Najda’ Date Palm Cultivar (Phoenix dactylifera L.) horticultural conference (2009), Pp: 89−94.
Copyright (c) 2022 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
