Isolation, Molecular Characterization, and Multidrug Resistance Profiling of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia Coli Found on Healthcare Environmental Surfaces in Katsina State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1018-6114Keywords:
Polyherbal Formulation, Antidiabetic, Syrup, LD50, GC-MS, Diabetes MellitusAbstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in E. coli is an escalating public health threat, especially in clinical and maternity environments. A cross-sectional study was conducted across four healthcare facilities: General Hospital Dutsin-Ma, Comprehensive Healthcare Centre (CHC) Dutsin-Ma, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina (FTHK), and Turai Children and Maternity Hospital (TCMH). A total of 120 swab samples were taken from 24 different environmental surfaces and equipment, including clinical devices, furniture, and wet utilities. Gram staining, biochemical test and cultural techniques were used to identify the isolates using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed that E. coli recovery was found only on the wet utilities at CHC (n=3, 50.0%) and TCMH (n=3, 50.0%), with no bacterial recovery noted at General Hospital or FTHK. In total, sinks accounted for 50.00% (n=3) of the isolated bacteria, followed by toilet seats at 33.33% (n=2) and floors at 16.67% (n=1); clinical tools and direct care equipment showed no bacterial growth. All isolates were confirmed as E. coli through the amplification of the uidA gene. Notably, 66.67% (n=4) of the isolates were ESBL producers. Complete resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and cefoxitin was found among the isolates from CHC. All the isolates were susceptible to imipenem. MDR strains screened (n=2, 50.0%) carried both the blaTEM and blaCTX resistance genes. In conclusion, wet utilities, particularly sinks and toilet seats, serve as significant environmental reservoirs for ESBL-producing, MDR E. coli. There is need for targeted environmental decontamination strategies focusing on sanitary infrastructure
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