Effects of Bone Meal and Coconut Shell-Based Organic Amendments on Growth, Yield, and Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Suppression in Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1012-5653Keywords:
Amendment, Counterparts, Galled Roots, Root Knot, Quantitative and VariationsAbstract
Jute mallows are infected by root knot nematodes which results in quantitative losses at harvest. This study’s objective was to investigate the efficacy of powdered extract of bonemeal and coconut shell in controlling root knot nematode infecting jute mallow. The experiment was carried out to determine the efficacy of powdered extracts on the control of root knot nematodes in Jute mallow plants. The statistical design was a completely randomized design. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, shoot weight, root weight, yield and soil nematode populations and root galling index. Numerical data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean differences were determined by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance using SAS 9.3. Treating Corchorus olitorius with powdered bonemeal extract resulted in a significantly better (p>0.05) height and yield (16.83 cm and 10.93g) than the other treatments. Significant variations were found between the shoot, root and yield weights of treated plants and their control counterparts. The negative control had the highest number of soil and root nematodes. Significant increase of galled roots (5.00) was also observed in the negative control. The treated plants performed much better than the control plants. The experiment also revealed some constituents, such as crude protein, ash and fiber. Based on this study’s findings, it is advisable to make use of these amendments on root knot-infested farms, as they are cost effective, cheap and available alternatives to chemical nematicides, which are expensive and not environmentally friendly.
References
Abad, P., Gouzy, J., Aury, J. M., Castagnone-Sereno, P., Danchin, E. G., Deleury, E., Perfus-Barbeoch, L., Anthouard, V., Artiguenave, F., Blok, V. C., Caillaud, M. C., Coutinho, P. M., Dasilva, C., De Luca, F., Deau, F., Esquibet, M., Flutre, T., Goldstone, J. V., Hamamouch, N., ... Wincker, P. (2008). Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Nature Biotechnology, 26, 882–884. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1482
Abdel-Razek, M. A. M., Abdelwahab, M. F., Abdelmohsen, U. R., & Hamed, A. N. E. (2022). Pharmacological and phytochemical biodiversity of Corchorus olitorius. RSC Advances, 12, 35103–35114. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA07406K
Ademoroti, C. M. A. (1996). Environmental chemistry and toxicology. Foludex Press Ltd.Association of Official Analytical Chemists. (1990). Official methods of analysis (15th ed.). AOAC International.
Apalowo, O. A., Izuogu, N. B., Baba, H. S., Olajide, C. M., Balogun, O. S., Nnabuihe, E. Chinweike & Okafor, M. J. (2025). Histopathology of watermelon root infected with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in kwara state, Nigeria , FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), ISSN online: 2616-1370, Vol. 9 No. 5, May, 2025, pp 114 - 117, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/f js-2025-0905-3456
Atemni, I., Hjouji, K., & Barnossi, A. E. (2023). Effect of bone meal application on soil properties, heavy metal accumulation, and agronomic traits of Pelargonium graveolens. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 23, 6584–6595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01512-z
Basuki, W., Ghaida, S. H., & Winata, B. (2019). Application of coconut shell charcoal and NPK fertilizer toward Acacia mangium growth on the soil of ex-limestone mining in Bogor, Indonesia. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 4(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.0401012
Benor, S., Demissew, S., Hammer, K., & Blattner, F. R. (2012). Genetic diversity and relationships in Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae s.l.) inferred from molecular and morphological data. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 59(7), 1125–1146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-011-9748-8
Boyhan, G., Langston, D., Granberry, D., Lewis, P., & Linton, D. (2003). Resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in watermelon germplasm. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report, 26, 18–25.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28(3), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017
Fondio, L., & Grubben, G. J. H. (2004). Corchorus olitorius L. In G. J. H. Grubben & O. A. Denton (Eds.), Plant resources of tropical Africa 2: Vegetables (pp. 233–237). PROTA Foundation, Backhuys Publishers, CTA.
Khan, A., Khan, A., & Ali, A. (2023). Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.): Biology, plant-nematode interactions and their environmentally benign management strategies. Gesunde Pflanzen, 75, 2187–2205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-023-00886-5
Ndlovu, J., & Afolayan, A. J. (2008). Nutritional analysis of the South African wild vegetable Corchorus olitorius L. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(6), 615–618. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.615.618
Pearson, D. (1976). The chemical analysis of foods (7th ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
Pholoma, S. B., Haki, G., Malambane, G., Tshwenyane, S., & Adjetey, J. (2024). Corchorus olitorius: A promising medicinal plant in Southern Africa and effects of growing conditions on its bioactive compounds. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 12, 255–274. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2024.126022
Seid, A., Fininsa, C., Mekete, T. M., Decraemer, W., & Wesemael, W. (2019). Damage potential of Meloidogyne incognita populations on selected tomato genotypes in Ethiopia. Nematropica, 49(1), 124–133.
Sneddon, I. R., Orueetxebarria, M., Hodson, M. E., Schofield, P. F., & Valsami-Jones, E. (2006). Use of bone meal amendments to immobilise Pb, Zn and Cd in soil: A leaching column study. Environmental Pollution, 144(3), 816–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.008
Usman, A. (2020). Studies on the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in some major irrigation sites in Katsina State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 12(1), 36–49. http://www.cenresinjournals.com
Usharani, K. S., Kumar, V., & Kumar, A. (2019). Impacts of root metabolites on soil nematodes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, Article 1792. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01792
Yadav, S., Patil, J. A., & Kumar, A. (2021). Management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and soil-borne fungus (Fusarium oxysporum) in cucumber using three bioagents under polyhouse conditions. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(12), 7006–7011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.064
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Halimat Shola Baba, Nkechi Besty Izuogu, Aishat Adetola Anifowose, Oluropo Ayotunde Apalowo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
