Assessing the Performance of Established GNSS Post-Processing Software on Static GNSS Datasets, Kubwa, Abuja

Authors

  • Lucas Olu Atoki Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
  • Ojodugbowa Shedrack Omachoko
  • Samuel Korede Buraimoh
  • Oluwagbotemi Odesola
  • Ololade Ayotunde Sangotoye

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1013-5505

Keywords:

Ambiguity Resolution, Geodetic Surveying, Post-Processing Software, Positioning Accuracy, Static GNSS

Abstract

The selection of appropriate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) post-processing software is critical for achieving reliable centimeter-level positioning in engineering and geodetic applications. This study evaluated the performance of five GNSS post-processing software packages—Trimble Business Center (TBC), GrafNav, EZSurv, GNSS Explorer, and GeoBon—using identical static multi-constellation GNSS datasets acquired from twelve geodetic control stations in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Static observations were collected with dual-frequency GNSS receivers at a 5 s sampling interval over sessions exceeding two hours and processed under identical configurations using precise orbit products, standard atmospheric corrections, and carrier-phase ambiguity resolution. Coordinate solutions were evaluated against AUSPOS-derived reference coordinates using coordinate residuals, root mean square error (RMSE), ambiguity-fixing success rate, processing time, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. All software packages achieved centimeter-level positioning accuracy. GrafNav delivered the best overall performance, recording the lowest horizontal and vertical RMSE values (0.009 m and 0.014 m, respectively) and the highest ambiguity-fixing success rate (99.6%). At the same time, TBC achieved comparable accuracy with faster processing. EZSurv also produced reliable solutions, whereas GNSS Explorer and GeoBon exhibited larger residuals but remained within acceptable surveying tolerances. ANOVA revealed significant differences among the software packages for both horizontal (p = 0.0019) and vertical (p = 0.0007) positioning. The results demonstrate that processing algorithms and ambiguity-resolution strategies significantly influence static GNSS positioning performance and provide practical guidance for software selection in high-precision surveying within tropical environments.

Author Biography

  • Lucas Olu Atoki, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria

    Lucas Olu ATOKI, PhD, is a Geodesist and Professional Surveyor with extensive expertise in geodesy and geodynamics, particularly in GNSS, leveling, gravity-related studies, and deformation monitoring. He previously served as a Senior Lecturer in the Surveying and Geoinformatics Programme at Bowen University.

    Dr. Atoki’s academic and research activities focus on crustal deformation analysis, vertical deflection determination, geoid modeling, and the integration of geodetic techniques for infrastructure and environmental monitoring. He has contributed to advancing geodetic knowledge through rigorous field observations, statistical validation of geodetic data, and the application of modern space-based geodetic methods to address practical engineering and geoscientific challenges, particularly within developing regions.

    As an educator and researcher, he is committed to capacity building in geospatial sciences, mentoring students, and promoting the use of cost-effective and reliable geodetic solutions for national development. His scholarly interests bridge theory and practice, supporting informed decision-making in infrastructure safety, environmental sustainability, and geodynamic studies.

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Published

18-08-2026

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 13 (2026): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 10 No. 13

Section

Research Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Lucas Olu Atoki; Ojodugbowa Shedrack Omachoko, Samuel Korede Buraimoh, Oluwagbotemi Odesola; Ololade Ayotunde Sangotoye

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Atoki, L. O., & Sangotoye, O. A. (2026). Assessing the Performance of Established GNSS Post-Processing Software on Static GNSS Datasets, Kubwa, Abuja (O. S. Omachoko, S. K. Buraimoh, & O. Odesola, Trans.). FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 10(13), 251-260. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1013-5505

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