Heavy Metals Concentration and Health Risks Assessment of Drinking Water Sources from Jibia Town, Katsina State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-10(ANB-K)-5372Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Health Risk Assessment, Drinking Water, JibiaAbstract
The domestic and agricultural application of chemicals made from heavy metals has led to their contamination of our environments, raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. People that consume high levels of heavy metals risk acute and chronic toxicity, intestinal damage, anemia, and cancer. This study aimed to analyzed the concentrations of the heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb) and assess human exposure risks via drinking water pathway from Jibia Town, Katsina State. Twenty samples were collected from Jibia, Kagadama, and Magama Communities and analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The overall mean concentrations of the heavy metals for the entire study area were 0.0066 mg/L, 0.0029 mg/L, 0.0287 mg/L, 0.0500 mg/L and 0.0073 mg/L for As, Cd, Cr, Co and Pb, respectively. These values were all recorded to be within the permissible limits set by WHO for the quality of drinking water. The hazard indices were 0.430 and 0.123 for adult and children, respectively. These values are less than USEPA (2011) limit of 1.000 as threshold value. Similarly, the excess lifetime cancer risks revealed that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks respectively in the drinking water sources in both adults and children were 4.05×10-5 (4 people/ hundred thousand may be affected) for adult and 6.12×10-5 (6 people/hundred thousand may be affected) for children. These values are within the WHO limit. Conclusively, within the restrictions of the study, the current level of heavy metals does not suggest significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks.
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