CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PANICUM MAXIMUM AS AFFECTED BY PIG MANURE RATES, PLANTING METHODS AND HARVESTING STAGES IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA.

Authors

  • Waheed Idowu
  • M. R. Hassan
  • R. J. Tanko
  • J. T. Amodu
  • A. E. Adewumi
  • T. O. Oyewo
  • R. A. Adeleke
  • S. S. Bello
  • N. T. Kperum

Keywords:

Forage, manure, mineral, sampling, sowing

Abstract

Effects of Pig manure application, planting methods and harvesting stages on chemical composition of Panicum maximum were evaluated during the rainy season of 2018 at the Feed and Nutrition Research Program of the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria. The experiment was laid in a Split Plot Design with 4×2×3 factorial arrangement replicated three times. The manure rates were 0, 5, 10 and 15t/ha, planting methods were; drilling and broadcasting methods while the harvesting stages were 6, 9 and 12 weeks after planting. The results indicated a higher (P<0.05) (93.76%) forage dry matter (DM) at 9th week of harvest while the CP content increased (P<0.05) with increasing rate of manure application  (8.46-12.62%) while there was a decline in CP content as the harvesting stage advanced (10.85-13.00%). Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) was significantly (P<0.05) affected by pig manure rates (3.49-6.45%). Phosphorus content of the forage was significantly affected by manure application (0.11-0.17%) while the harvesting stage had a significant (P<0.05) effect on Zn, Cu and Fe with 9th week of harvest having the highest values for the micro-nutrients evaluated. It was hence concluded that the chemical composition of Panicum maximum was affected by the treatments. Therefore, pig manure can be applied at 15t/ha using broadcasting method of planting. Panicum maximum forage can be harvested at 9th week after sowing for better mineral composition in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria.

Dimensions

Aderinola, O. A. (2007). Herbage production and utilization of Andropogon tectorum as influenced by fertilizer application and legume intercrop. Ph.D Thesis Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso.

Aganga, A.A, and Tshwenyane, S. (2004). Potential of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) as Forage Crop in Livestock Production. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 3 (1): 1 – 4.

Ahmed, S. A., Halim, R. A. and Ramlan, M. F. (2012). Evaluation of The Use of Farm yard manure on a Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)-Stylo (Stylosenthis guianensis) Mixed powder. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agriculture Science. 35(1): 55 – 65.

Akinola, J.O. (2018). Essentials of the commoner tropical pasture species. Obafemi Awolowo University Press, Ile Ife, Nigeria. ISBN: 978-136-689-3 Pp 40-54.

Alalade, J. A., Akanbi, W. B., Akingbade, A. A., Akinlade, J. A., Gbadamosi, J. and Emiola, C. B. (2013). Effects of Manure Types on Herbage Yield and Nutritive Value of Panicum maximum. International Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 2(11): 77 – 81.

Anderson, E. K., Parrish, A. S., Voigt, T. B., Owens, V. N., Hong, C. H. and Lee, D. K. (2013). Nitrogen fertility and harvest management of switch grass for sustainable bioenergy feedstock production in Illinois. Industrial Crops and Products, 48, 19-27.

AOAC (2005). Official method of analysis. International Association of official analytical chemists, 24th edition Washington D. C. USA. Pp 200-210.

Aregheore, E.M. (2002). Voluntary intake and digestibility of fresh, wilted and dry Leucaena (Leucaena leucochepala) at four levels to a basal diet of guinea grass (Panicum maximum). Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Sciences, 15, 1139-1146.

Botha, C. and Botha, J. (1996). Bring nature back to your Garden. Wildlife and Environmental Society, Durban. 4(1): 25 – 27.

Dele, P.A. (2012). “Evaluation of dry matter yield and nutritive quality of forage, hay and silage produced from three grasses fertilized with animal manures†Ph.D. Thesis, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. 263pp.

Dele, P.A., Akinyemi, B., Okukenu, O., Amole, T., Akinlolu, A., Sarumi, G., Salawu, F. and Anotaenwere, C. (2018). Chemical Composition of Panicum maximum as influenced by Poultry Manure Rate and Age at Harvest. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. (19)2. 319:325.

Farhad, M. (2012). Minerals profile of forages for grazing ruminants in Pakistan. Open Journal of Animal Science. 2(3), 133–141.

Fritz, J. S., & Schenk, G. H. (1979). Quantitative analytical chemistry (4th ed.). Boston, USA: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.

Gibbs Russel, G. E., Watson, L., koekemoer M., Smook, L., Barker, N. P., Anderson, H. M. and Dalwitz, M. J. (1990). Grasses of South Africa. Memoirs of the botanical survey of south Africa. 58:10-11

Giwa, D.D. and Ojeniyi, S. O. (2004). Effect of integrated application of pig manure and NPK on soil nutrient content and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentus Mill). Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Soil Science Society of Nigeria, PP164- 169.

Hassan, M.R., Abdu, S.B., Amodu, J. T., Uchechukwu, A.V., Hasiya, I., and Adamu, H.Y. (2016). Growth Components, Forage and Seed Yield of velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens) as Affected by Manure Rates and Irrigation Intervals in Nigerian Savanna. Gashua Journal of Irrigation and Desertification Studies. 2(2): 118 – 119.

Jimoh, S.O., Amisu, A., Dele, P.A. and Ojo, V.O. (2019). Effects of animal manures and cutting height on the chemical composition of two Panicum maximum varieties (Local and Ntchisi) harvested at different stage of growth. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 42(1): 359-376.

Kabata, P. A. and Pendias, H. (1992) Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton.

Kering, M.K., J.A. Guretzky, E. Funderburg, and J. Mosali. (2011). “Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Harvest Season on Forage Yield, Quality, and Macronutrient Concentrations in Midland Bermuda Grassâ€. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 42(16):1958-1971.

Khan, Z.I., Ashraf, M., Hussain, A. and McDowell, L.R. (2006) Concentrations of minerals in milk of sheep and goats grazing similar pastures in a semiarid region of Pakistan. Small Ruminant Research, (65): 274-278. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.050

McDowell, L.R. (1985). Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates. Academic Press, New York, NY. 443 pp.

McDowell, L.R. (1992). Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 524pp

McDowell, L.R. (1997). Minerals for Grazing Ruminants in Tropical Regions, 3rd edition. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 81pp.

McDowell, L.R., J.H. Conrad, and G.I. Ellis. (1984). “Mineral Deficiencies and Imbalances and their Diagnosisâ€. Proceedings of Symposium on Herbivore Nutrition in Sub-Tropics and Tropics. Pretoria, South Africa. 67-88.

Miles, E.H. and McDowell, L.R. (1983) Mineral deficiencies in the Llanos rangelands of Colombia. World Animal Review, 46, 2-10.

Minson D. J. (1981). Nutritional differences between tropical and temperate pastures. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.

Morris, J. G. (1980). Assessment of sodium requirements of grazing beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 50, 145-152.

NRC (1984) Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. Nutrient requirements of sheep. 6th Edition, National Academy of Science, Washington DC.

Olanite, J.A., O.M. Arigbede, A.O. Jolaosho, O.S. Onifade, and B.O. Alabi. (2006). “Effect of Cutting Intervals on the Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Quality of Two Varieties of Panicum maximum in the Humid Zone of Nigeriaâ€. ASSET Series. A 6 (1): 171-180.

Onyeonagu, C.C., O.A. Anyadiegwu, and T.K. Uwalaka. (2012). “The Quality of Crop Fractions of a Degraded Panicum maximum Pasture under Different Cutting Intervals and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Quigley, K.M. and Anderson, T.M. (2014). “Leaf Silica Concentration in Serengeti Grasses Increases with Watering but not Clipping: Insights from a Common Garden Study and Literature Reviewâ€. Frontier in Plant Science. 5:568 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00568

Sharma, A. R. and Mitta, B. N. (1991). Effect of different rate of application of organic nitrogen fertilizers in rice based cropping system. Journal of Agricultural Science, (Cambridge) 117: 313- 318

Tudsri, S. and Kaewkunya, C. (2002). Effect of Leucaena row spacing and cutting intensity on growth of Leucaena and three associated grasses in Thailand. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 15, 986-991.

Underwood, E. J. (1981). The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, London, 180 pp.

Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., and Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods of directory Neutral Detergent Fiber and Non Starch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 3583-3597.

Published

14-04-2020

How to Cite

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PANICUM MAXIMUM AS AFFECTED BY PIG MANURE RATES, PLANTING METHODS AND HARVESTING STAGES IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA. (2020). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(1), 340-347. https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/view/53

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 4 No. 1

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

How to Cite

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PANICUM MAXIMUM AS AFFECTED BY PIG MANURE RATES, PLANTING METHODS AND HARVESTING STAGES IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA. (2020). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(1), 340-347. https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/view/53

Most read articles by the same author(s)