Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic and Aqueous Stem Extracts of Guiera senegalensis Against Bacterial Pathogens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0912-4390Keywords:
Aqueous extract, antimicrobial properties, Guiera senegalensis, methanol extract, phytochemicalsAbstract
With the growing resistance of pathogens to conventional antibiotics, there is an increasing
interest in exploring alternative treatments derived from medicinal plants, particularly those rich
in bioactive compounds. Guiera senegalensis, a medicinal shrub native to West and Central
Africa, has traditionally been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, fever, and rheumatism. This
study aimed to investigate the presence of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial properties of
the stem extract of G. senegalensis, with a particular focus on its efficacy against bacterial
infections.Phytochemicals were extracted through cold maceration using methanol and distilled
water as solvents. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts on clinical isolates of Salmonella
typhi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated via the agar disc diffusion
method.Phytochemical analysis of both the methanol and aqueous extracts revealed the presence
of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The methanol extract exhibited higher
concentrations of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, whereas the aqueous extract contained more
alkaloids. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that both extracts inhibited all tested bacterial
strains, with the methanol extract demonstrating significant efficacy against E. coli, with an
inhibition zone of 25 mm at 500 µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values
ranged from 6.25 to 500 µg/mL, indicating that these extracts may serve as alternative treatments
for infections, particularly those resistant to antibiotics.These findings substantiate the
therapeutic potential of G. senegalensis as a source of antimicrobial agents, corroborating its
traditional use in treating infectious diseases.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Samuel Terhide Tyohemba, Ladan Muhammad Suwaiba, Nelson Nwachukwu Ndukwe, Michael Paul Adoyi, Attah Catherine O., Mamoon Asiya, Asugu Mary Mbahi
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