ROBUST WHITE’S TEST FOR HETEROSCEDASTICITY DETECTION IN LINEAR REGRESSION
Keywords:
Outlier, high leverage point, heteroscedasticity, linear regressionAbstract
The existing diagnostic measures for heteroscedasticity incorrectly detect heteroscedasticity in the presence of outlying observations; usually high leverage points (HLPs). The classical White’s Test (WT) is the most commonly used diagnostic method for heteroscedasticity in linear regression. The WT does not depend on either normality or prior knowledge of the source of heteroscedasticity. The shortcoming of WT is that in the presence of HLPs it incorrectly detects heteroscedasticity in a data set. In this paper, a Robust White’s Test (RWT) has been proposed which is capable of detecting heteroscedasticity in the presence of HLPs. The results based on Monte Carlo simulation study and real data examples show that the proposed RWT correctly detect heteroscedasticity in the presence of HLPs
References
Amitha, K., Reddy, T. P. (1996). Regeneration of plantlets from different explants and callus cultures of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.).Phytomorphology, 46(3):207-211.
Anand, R. P., Ganapathi, A., Anbazhagan, V. R., Vcngadcsan, G. and Sclvaraj, N. (2000). High frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in cell suspension cultures of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp. In Vitro Cellular Developmental. Biology; Plant. 36: 475-480. doi:1054-5476/00.
Bae, H. H., Cho, D.-Y., Kim, S. G., (1994). Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on adventitious root formation from callus of Bupleurum falcatum L. and its histological observation. Korean J. Plant Tissue Cult. 22:41-46.
Bakshi, S., Sahoo, B., Roy, N. K., Mishra, S., Panda, S. K., Sahoo, L. (2012).Successful recovery of transgenic cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) using the 6-phosphomannose isomerase gene as the selectable marker. Plant Cell Rep., 31:1093-1103.DOI 10.1007/s00299-012-1230-3.
Brar, M. S., AI-Khayri, J. M., Morelock, T. E. and Anderson, E. J. (1999). Genotypic response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to in vitro regeneration from cotyledon explants. In vitro Cellular Developmental Biology; Plant, 35:8-12.
Choudhary, K., Singh, M., Rathore, M. S.,Shekhawat, N. S. (2009). Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration in moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal]: a recalcitrant grain legume Plant Biotechnol. Rep., 3:205–211 DOI 10.1007/s11816- 009-0093-8.
Food and Agriculture Organization, (2012). The second report on the state of the world’s plant genetic resources for food and Agriculture - http/www.fao.org
George, E.F., M.A. Hall and G.J. De Klerk, 2008. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture. 3rd Edn., Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, Pages: 501.
Hill, R. A.; Tuskan, G. A.; Boe, A. A. In vitro propagation of Hosta sieboldiana using excised ovaries from immature florets. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 17:71-75; 1989.
Kang, M. K.; Cho, D.-Y.; Sob, W.-Y., (1995). Effects of auxins on adventitious root formation on cotyledonderived micro-calli in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Korean J. Plant Tissue Cult. 23:135-139.
Ikeuchi, M., Sugmoto, K., Iwase, A., (2013). Plant Callus: Mechanisms of Induction and Repression. Plant Cell 25(9): 3159-3173. doi101105/tpc113116053.
Kucharska, D. and Orlikowska, T. (2009) Enhancement of in vitro organogenetic capacity of rose by preculture of donor shoots on the medium with thidiazuron. Acta Physiol Plant 31:495–500
Nemeth, G. Benzyladenine-stimulated rooting in fruit tree stocks culture in vitro, Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 95:389-396; 1979.
Nielson, S. S., Brandt, W. E. and Singh, B. B. (1993).Genetic variability for nutritional composition and cooking time of improved cowpea lines. Crop Sci. 33: 469-472.
Park, J. B., Lee, K. B. and Lee, S. (2002). Histological Study of Callus Formation and Root Regeneration from Mung bean (Vigna radiata W.). Journal of Plant Biology, 45(3): 170-176.
Ramakrishnan, K., Sivakumar, P. R. and Manickam, A. (2005). In vitro somatic embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp). Plant Cell Reports, 24: 449-461. doi:10.1007/s00299-005-0965-5.
Sani, L. A., Usman, I. S., Ishiyaku, M. F and Bugaje, S. M. (2015). Towards Efficient In vitro Regeneration of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp): A Review. British Biotechnology Journal, 7(4): 174-182.
Soh, W. Y., Choi, P. S. and Cho, D. Y. (1998). Effects of Cytokinin on Adventitious Roots Formation in Callus Cultures of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. In vitro Cellular Devevelopmental Biology, 34: 189-195.
Souza Canada, E. D. and Beck, E. (2013). Embryogenic callus induction on the scutellum and regeneration of plants as basis for genetic transformation of spring wheat (triticum aestivum L.) cultivars from Argentina. Journal of Basic and Applied Genetic,. 24 (2): 55-66.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
