ALCOHOL DISRUPTED AND INCREASED ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANT PROFILES OF SELECTED BACTERIA RESIDENT IN GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF WISTER RAT

Authors

Keywords:

microbiota, alcohol, antibiotic susceptibility

Abstract

The study is aimed at investigating the effect of alcohol intake on gut microbiota and antibiotic susceptibility of some of the microbial genera isolated. Twenty-four wistar rats were administered orally with branded dry gin (40% alcohol) and one was picked randomly every 48hrs and sacrificed by cervical decapitation. The intestine was collected aseptically after laparotomy and placed in a sterile petri dish. The intestinal bacteria were enumerated, isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility was done using the disc agar diffusion method. The Total Heterotrophic (x 104 CFU/g) and Total Coliform Counts ranged from 2.0 – 65 and 1 – 28 respectively. Bacteria genera isolated are; Escherichia, Proteus, Citrobacter, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Klebsiella and Bacillus. E. coli was the most (100%) prevalent. Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Enterobacter were also highly prevalent. The occurrence of the genera was in the order Lactobacillus > Citrobacter > Klebsiella and Salmonella > Proteus. All isolates were present in all the intestines few days after administration of the gin, but there was a decline in the occurrence till the 21st day, after which there was an increase. The susceptibility of Escherichia to conventional antibiotics was between 0–90% and there was no particular trend with the length of exposure but there was substantial decrease in the susceptibility to the antibiotics. The susceptibility of Enterococcus to the antibiotics decreased with the length of exposure to the alcohol. Intake of alcohol has a pronounced effect on the gut microbiome and the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates.

Dimensions

Backhead, F. (2005). Host bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science, 307: 1915-1920.

Backhead, F. (2011). Programming of host metabolism by the gut microbiota. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,58(2):44-52.

Bajaj, J.S. (2019). Alcohol, Liver disease and the gut microbiota. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 16:235-246

Bengmark, S. (1998). Ecological control of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of probiotic flora. Gut, 42:2-7.

Bull-Otterson, L., Feng, W. and Kirpich, I. (2013). Metagenomic analyses of alcohol induced pathogenic alterations in the intestinal microbiome and the effect of Lactobacillus rhammosus GG treatment. PLoS One, 8(1):3028.

Chang, C. and Lin, H. (2016). Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal dis. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology, 30:3-15.

Correa-Olivera, R., Fachi, J.L., Viera, A., Sato, F.T. and Vinolo, M.A.R. (2016). Regulation of immune cell function by short chain fatty acids. Chemical Translational Immunology, 5:73.

David, L.A., Mauvice, C.F. and Carnody, R.N. (2014). Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature, 505(7484):559-563.

Ehwarieme, D.A., Odum, E.I. and Whiliki, O.O. (2020). Effect of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners on gut microbiota of healthy adult individuals. Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment, 18 (1):121-128

Gensoleen, T., Iyer, S.S., Kaper, D.I. and Blumberg, R.S. (2010). How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science, 352:539-544.

Golkar, Z., Bagazra, O. and Pace, D.G. (2014). Bacteriophage therapy: a potential solution for the antibiotic resistance crisis. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 8(2):129-136.

Hevial, A., Delgado, S., Sanchez, B. and Margolles, A. (2015). Molecular players involved in the interaction between beneficial bacteria and the immune system. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6:1285.

Ingran, C.O. (1990). Ethanol tolerance in bacteria. Critical Review of Biotechnology, 9(4):305-19.

Keshavarzian, A., Holmes, E.W. and Patel, M. (1999). Leaky gut in alcoholiccirrhosis. A possible mechanism for alcohol-induced liver damage. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94(1):200-207.

LeBlanc, J.G., Milani, C., de Giori, G.S., Sesma, F., Van Sinderen, D. and Ventura, M. (2013). Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: A gut microbiota perspective. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 34:160-168.

Lee, C. and Ventola, M.S. (2015). The antibiotic resistance crisis:Part 1: Causes and threats. A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Managed Care and Hospital Formulary Management, 40(4), 277–283.

Li, J., Jia, H., Cai, X., Zhong, H., Feng, Q. and Sunagawa, S. (2014). An integrated catalog of reference genes in the human gut microbiome. Nature Biotechnology, 32:834-841.

Lin, L. and Zhang, J. (2017). Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases. BMC Immunology, 18(1):2

Lozupone, C.A., Stomboiugh, J.I. and Gordon, J.I. (2012). Diversity, Stability and resilience of the human gutmicrobiota. Nature, 489(7415):220-230.

Mergenhagen, K.A., Watterngal, B.A., Skelly, M.K. Clark, C.M. and Russo, T.A. (2020). Fact vs. Fiction: The Evidence Behind Alcohol and Antibiotic Interactions, a Review. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 64(3). doi:10.1128/aac.02167-19.

Mullu, E.A., Gillevet, P.M. and Rangwala, H. (2012). Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism. American Journal of Physiology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 302(9):966-978.

Patrick, P. Lowe, Benedek Gyongyosi, Abhishek Satishchandran, Arvin Iracheta-Vellve, Yeonhee Cho, Aditya Ambade and Gyongyi Szabo. (2018). Reduced gut microbiome protects from alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and alters intestinal and brain inflammasome expression. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 15(1):298. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1328-9.

Patterson, J.A. and Rick, S. C. (2014). Effect of ethanol and methanol on growth of ruminal bacteria. Journal of Environment Science and Health Part B, 50(1): 62-67.

Purohita, V., Bode, J.C., Bode, C., Brenner, D.A., Choudhry, M.A., Hamiltone, F., Kang, Y.J., Keshavarzian, A., Rao, R., Sartor, R.B., Swanson, C. and Turner, J.R. (2008). Alcohol, intestinal bacterial growth, intestinal permeability to endotoxin, and medical consequences: Summary of a symposium. Alcohol, 42(5): 349–361. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.03.131.

Ribeiro, M.M., Neumann, V.A., Padoveze, M.C., and Graziano, K.U. (2015). Efficacy and effectiveness of alcohol in the disinfection of semi-critical materials: a systematic review. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 23 (4): 741-752. doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0266.2611

Selvamohan V. and Sandhya T. (2012). Studies on the bactericidal activity of different soaps against bacterial strains. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 5(2): 646-650.

Sender, R., Fuchs, S. and Milo, R. (2016). Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacterial cells in the Body. PLoS Biology, 14(8):1

Shasmal, M., Dey, S., Shaikh, T.R., Bhakta, S. and Sengupta, J. (2016). E. coli metabolic protein aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase-E binds to the ribosome: A unique moonlighting action revealed. Scientific Reports, 6(1):19936. doi:10.1038/srep19936.

Swanson, R.A., Kumar, A., Samarin, S., Vijay-Kumar, M., Kundu, K. and Murthy, N. (2011). Enteric commensal bacteria potentiate epithelial restitution via reactive oxygen species mediated inactivation. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, USA, 108:8803-8805.

Szabo, G. and Mandrekar, P. (2009). A recent perspective on alcohol, immunity and host defense. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(2):220-232.

Vassallo, G., Mirijello, A., Ferrulli, A., Antonelli, M., Landolfi, R., Gasbarrini, A. and Addolorato, G. (2015). Alcohol and gut microbiota: the possible role of gut microbiota modulation in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 41:917-927.

WHO (2014). World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014. WHO. Geneva. Switzerland.

Yan, A.W., Fonts, D.E. and Brandl, J. (2011). Enteric dysbiosis associated with a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology, 53(1):96-105.

Published

30-06-2022

How to Cite

ALCOHOL DISRUPTED AND INCREASED ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANT PROFILES OF SELECTED BACTERIA RESIDENT IN GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF WISTER RAT. (2022). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 6(3), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0603-981

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 6 No. 3

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

How to Cite

ALCOHOL DISRUPTED AND INCREASED ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANT PROFILES OF SELECTED BACTERIA RESIDENT IN GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF WISTER RAT. (2022). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 6(3), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0603-981

Most read articles by the same author(s)