QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR SOME SACHET WATER PRODUCED IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, ENUGU–NIGERIA
Keywords:
Assessment, Enugu, Metropolis, Quality, Sachet, Water
Abstract
This study investigated the quality of some sachet water brands produced in Enugu metropolis for drinking purpose. Five different brands of sachet water were collected from their production plant and their physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities were examined. The results obtained for physical parameters showed that turbidity was 0 NTU; total dissolved solid was between 86.19 – 140.12 mg/L; total suspended solid, 0 mg/L; total solid 86.19 - 140.12 mg/L; electrical conductivity, 60.80 – 150.30 ms/cm3; total hardness, 0 mg/L; pH, 6.90 – 7.00 and alkalinity 50 mg/L. The result of the physical and chemical parameters conformed to the standards established by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria standard for drinking water quality (NSDWQ). Similarly, biological contamination was absence in all the tested water samples. Thus, the examined sachet water brands were considered safe for consumption
References
Adekunle, A.S., Oyekunle, J.A.O., Ojo, O.S., Maxakato, N.W., Olutona, G.O., Obisesan, O.R. (2017), Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels of Groundwater in Ife North Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Toxicology Report, 4: 39-48.
Ajai, A. I., Ochigbo, S. S., Abdullahi, Z. and Anigboro, P. I. (2014), Determination of Trace Metals and Essential Minerals in Selected Fruit Juices in Minna, Nigeria. International Journal of Food Science, Article ID 462931, 5 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/462931
Alli, J.A., Okonko, I.O., Alabi, O.A., Odu, N.N., Kolade, A.F., Nwanze, J.C., Onoh, C., M. C. (2011). Parasitological evaluation of some vended sachet water in Southwestern Nigeria. New York Science journal, 4(10), 84–92.http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork
APHA, (1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 18th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Ayedun, H., Gbadebo, A.M., Idowu, O.A., Arowolo T.A. (2015), Toxic elements in groundwater of Lagos and Ogun States, Southwest, Nigeria and their human health risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187: 351-367.
Chiwetalu, U. J. (2021). Status of Pollutants in Nsudu-River, Okwoyi Isieke Ibeku, Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State for Drinking Purpose. FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) Vol. 5 No. 3. ISSN online: 2616 – 1370, ISSN print: 2645 – 2944. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021.0503-759
Edema M.O., Atayese, A.O., and Bankole M.O., (2011). Pure water syndrome: Bacteriological Quality of Sachet Packed Drinking water sold in Nigeria Afr. J. Food Agricult. Nutr. Dev. 11(1): 4595-94609
Ekwunife CA, Okafor SO, Ukaga CN, Ozumba NA, Eneanya CI. (2010), Parasites Associated with Sachet Drinking Water (Pure Water) in Awka, South-Eastern, Nigeria. Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 2 (1): 23-27
Emenike, C.P., Tenebe, I.T., Jarvis, P. (2018), Fluoride contamination in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 156: 391–402.
Ezeugwunne .I.P., Agbakoba, N. R., Nnamah NK, Anhalu, I.C. (2009). The Prevalence of Bacteria in Packaged Sachet Water Sold in Nnewi South East Nigeria Would J. Diary, Food Sci. 4(10): 19-21. Http//: www.grinningplanet.com/pollution .html.
https://cupdf.com/document/chapter-five-site-location-and-analysis-51-fivepdf-128-chapter-five-site-location.html
Igbeneghu, O.A. and Lamikanra, A. (2014). The bacteriological quality of different brands of bottled water available to consumers in IleIfe, south-western Nigeria. BMC Research Notes, 7: 859.
Kumpel, E., Albert, J., Peletz, R., de Waal, D., Hirn, M., Danilenko, A. ... and Khush, R. (2016). Urban water services in fragile states: An analysis of drinking water sources and quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and Monrovia, Liberia. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 95(1), 229.
Muhammad, M. B., and Dansabo, M. T. (2018). “Pure Water” Sale and its Socio-Economic Implications in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 6(1), 3.
Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), (2007). Parameters and Maximum allowable limits, Nigerian Industrial Standards, 15 - 17.
Opafola, O. T., Oladepo, K. T., Ajibade, F. O., & David, A. O. (2020). Potability assessment of packaged sachet water sold within a tertiary institution in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(3).
Oyedeji, O., Olutiola PO. And Moninuola MA. (2010), Microbiological quality of packaged drinking water brands marketed in Ibadan metropolis and Ile-Ife city in South Western Nigeria. African J. Microbiology Research, 4(1): 096-102
Rahmanian, N., Ali, S. H. B., Homayoonfard, M., Ali, N. J., Rehan, M., Sadef, Y., and Nizami, A. S. (2015). Analysis of physiochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the state of Perak, Malaysia. Journal of Chemistry.
Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON 2007), Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality.
Titilawo, Y., Adeniji, A., Adeniyi, M., Okoh, A. (2018), Determination of levels of some metal contaminants in the freshwater environments of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria: A risk assessment approach to predict health threat. Chemosphere, 211: 834-843.
U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1983), Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. EPA/600/4-79-020. US EPA, Washington D.C
United Nations Millennium Development Goal (2011), Assessing progress in African towards the Millennium Development Goals. MDG, Report New York.
http://www.unn.edu.ng/publications/files/CHAPTER%20FIVE.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011), Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. WHO Press, Geneva, switzerland’ 4th edition.
Yirdaw M. and Bamlaku A. (2016), Drinking water quality assessment and its effect on residents health in Wondo genet campus, Ethiopia. Environmental System Research 5, Article no. 1.
Ajai, A. I., Ochigbo, S. S., Abdullahi, Z. and Anigboro, P. I. (2014), Determination of Trace Metals and Essential Minerals in Selected Fruit Juices in Minna, Nigeria. International Journal of Food Science, Article ID 462931, 5 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/462931
Alli, J.A., Okonko, I.O., Alabi, O.A., Odu, N.N., Kolade, A.F., Nwanze, J.C., Onoh, C., M. C. (2011). Parasitological evaluation of some vended sachet water in Southwestern Nigeria. New York Science journal, 4(10), 84–92.http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork
APHA, (1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 18th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Ayedun, H., Gbadebo, A.M., Idowu, O.A., Arowolo T.A. (2015), Toxic elements in groundwater of Lagos and Ogun States, Southwest, Nigeria and their human health risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187: 351-367.
Chiwetalu, U. J. (2021). Status of Pollutants in Nsudu-River, Okwoyi Isieke Ibeku, Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State for Drinking Purpose. FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) Vol. 5 No. 3. ISSN online: 2616 – 1370, ISSN print: 2645 – 2944. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021.0503-759
Edema M.O., Atayese, A.O., and Bankole M.O., (2011). Pure water syndrome: Bacteriological Quality of Sachet Packed Drinking water sold in Nigeria Afr. J. Food Agricult. Nutr. Dev. 11(1): 4595-94609
Ekwunife CA, Okafor SO, Ukaga CN, Ozumba NA, Eneanya CI. (2010), Parasites Associated with Sachet Drinking Water (Pure Water) in Awka, South-Eastern, Nigeria. Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 2 (1): 23-27
Emenike, C.P., Tenebe, I.T., Jarvis, P. (2018), Fluoride contamination in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 156: 391–402.
Ezeugwunne .I.P., Agbakoba, N. R., Nnamah NK, Anhalu, I.C. (2009). The Prevalence of Bacteria in Packaged Sachet Water Sold in Nnewi South East Nigeria Would J. Diary, Food Sci. 4(10): 19-21. Http//: www.grinningplanet.com/pollution .html.
https://cupdf.com/document/chapter-five-site-location-and-analysis-51-fivepdf-128-chapter-five-site-location.html
Igbeneghu, O.A. and Lamikanra, A. (2014). The bacteriological quality of different brands of bottled water available to consumers in IleIfe, south-western Nigeria. BMC Research Notes, 7: 859.
Kumpel, E., Albert, J., Peletz, R., de Waal, D., Hirn, M., Danilenko, A. ... and Khush, R. (2016). Urban water services in fragile states: An analysis of drinking water sources and quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and Monrovia, Liberia. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 95(1), 229.
Muhammad, M. B., and Dansabo, M. T. (2018). “Pure Water” Sale and its Socio-Economic Implications in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 6(1), 3.
Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), (2007). Parameters and Maximum allowable limits, Nigerian Industrial Standards, 15 - 17.
Opafola, O. T., Oladepo, K. T., Ajibade, F. O., & David, A. O. (2020). Potability assessment of packaged sachet water sold within a tertiary institution in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(3).
Oyedeji, O., Olutiola PO. And Moninuola MA. (2010), Microbiological quality of packaged drinking water brands marketed in Ibadan metropolis and Ile-Ife city in South Western Nigeria. African J. Microbiology Research, 4(1): 096-102
Rahmanian, N., Ali, S. H. B., Homayoonfard, M., Ali, N. J., Rehan, M., Sadef, Y., and Nizami, A. S. (2015). Analysis of physiochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the state of Perak, Malaysia. Journal of Chemistry.
Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON 2007), Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality.
Titilawo, Y., Adeniji, A., Adeniyi, M., Okoh, A. (2018), Determination of levels of some metal contaminants in the freshwater environments of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria: A risk assessment approach to predict health threat. Chemosphere, 211: 834-843.
U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1983), Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. EPA/600/4-79-020. US EPA, Washington D.C
United Nations Millennium Development Goal (2011), Assessing progress in African towards the Millennium Development Goals. MDG, Report New York.
http://www.unn.edu.ng/publications/files/CHAPTER%20FIVE.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011), Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. WHO Press, Geneva, switzerland’ 4th edition.
Yirdaw M. and Bamlaku A. (2016), Drinking water quality assessment and its effect on residents health in Wondo genet campus, Ethiopia. Environmental System Research 5, Article no. 1.
Published
2022-05-11
How to Cite
CHIWETALU, U., Nebechukwu, A. C., & Attah, O. H. (2022). QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR SOME SACHET WATER PRODUCED IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, ENUGU–NIGERIA. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 6(2), 81 - 87. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0602-926
Section
Research Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
