GROWTH RESPONSE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND COST ANALYSIS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) HUSK WITH GMELINA (Gmelina arborea) LEAVES AS BASAL DIET
Abstract
A total of twenty (20) growing WAD bucks of about 7 - 9 months and having average weight of 9.64 kg were used in an 84 day trial to investigate the performance response of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing cowpea husk (CPH). Cowpea husk used for the study was collected from Nasarawa Eggon Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. Four experimental diets were formulated to replace maize offal with cowpea husk and designated A (0%), B (25%), C (50%), and D (75%) and used to feed the bucks. Results showed that none of the performance parameters showed treatment effect (P>0.05). The mean daily weight gain was 56.55 g/day, 52.75 g/day, 42.81 g/day and 50.49 g/day for diets A, B, C and D respectively. The mean daily feed intake ranged between 458.40 g/day -503.00 g/day, with treatments D and B having the highest and lowest numerical values, respectively. The apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), ash, nitrogen free extract (NFE) showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments and some crude fibre fractions like neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments means. The concentrate feed cost/kg diet was between ₦63.85-₦73.74. The cost/kg weight gain was best for treatment B (₦617.05). The production efficiency was less than one for all the treatments. Cowpea (vigna unguiculata) husk can be used in the diets of West African dwarf goats without adverse effect on the performance indices and profitability.
References
Abdul-Aziz, M. (2010). Present status of the world goat populations and their productivity. Lohman Information Archive, 45: 42-52.
Adebisi, I,A., Muraina,T.O.,Ajibike, A.B., Okunlola, O.O., Alalade, J.A. and Oladepo,O.(2019). Growth performance, blood profile and serum metabolites of West African dwarf growing rams fed guinea grass supplemented with differently processed pigeon pea leaves. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 21(3): 255-265.
Odoemelam, V.U and Ahamefule, F.O. (2006). Effect of dehulling on proximate composition anti-nutritional properties and mineral content of canavalia plagiosperma. Tropical Journal of Animal Production, 31(2): 167-175.
Akinbode,R.M., Isah ,O.A., Oni, O.A., Adebayo, K.O., Aderinboye, R.Y., Adelusi., O.O. and Ojo, V.O.A. (2018). Nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of West African dwarf sheep fed sugarcane top silage. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 45(2): 304-315.
Amaefule, K.U., Nwaokoro, C.C. and Iheukwumere, F.C. (2004). The effect of graded levels of raw pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal on the performance, nutrient retention, carcass characteristics of weaner rabbits. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 31(2): 194-199.
Amuda, A.J and Okunlola, D.O. 2020. Apparent digestibility and performance of West African dwarf sheep fed ensiled maize stover and concentrate supplements. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 22(1): 311-321.
A.O.A.C. (2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Official methods of analysis. 6th Edition. Washington DC, USA.
Bakshi, M.P.S. and Wadhwa, M. 2004. Evaluation of forest leaves of Sei hilly ard region as livestock feed. Asian-Astralasian Journal of Animal Science, 95: 93-105.
Babayemi, O.J., Bamikole, M.A., Daniel, I.O., Ogunbesan, A. and Oduguwa, B.O. (2003). Growth, nutritive value and dry matter degradability of three Tephrosia species. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 30(1): 62 – 70.
Babayemi, O. J. and Bamikole, M. A. (2006). Nutritive value of Tephrosia candida seed in West African Dwarf goats. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7(4): 731 – 738.
Bawala, T.O., Akinsoyinu, A.O., (2002). Nutritional evaluation of browsers, Gliricidia sepium and Ficus thonningii foliage in goat diet: Energy utilization and requirement. Proceeding 37th Annual Conference Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN). Held in September 2011. University of Agriculture Abeokuta,
Nigeria, pp. 174–176.
Do ThiThanh, V. 2006. Some animals and factors affecting feed intake, behaviour and performance of small ruminants. A Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to the Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala.
Ernest, S. (2009). Top 100 Food plants. National Research Council, Research Press. pp. 104. ISBN 978-0-660-19858-3.
Fajemisin, A.N., Ibhaze, G.A. and Adeyeye, A.A (2018). Performance of West African dwarf goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with Myrianthus arboreus leaf meal concentrates. Nigeria journal of Animal Production. 45(2): 298-303.
FAOSTAT. (2011). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (available at http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx; accessed 19 July 2011).
FAO (1995). Feed resources for ruminants; in Tropical animal feeding: a manual for research workers, Chapter 6, pp. 109-133. http://www.fao.org/ag/aga/agap/frg/AHPP126/Ch6.pdf
FAO (2012). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx)
Forbes, J.M. 1995. Voluntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals, Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, Walling Ford, UK. p. 539.
Lakpini, C.A.M. (2002). Feeds and feeding strategy for small ruminants in various physiological stages. In: Lakpini C.A.M., Adamu, A.M., Ehoche, O.W. and Gefu, O.J. Manual for training workshop on small ruminant production held at NAPRI, Zaria, Nigeria. 13th – 18th Jan. 2002, pp. 40 – 48.
Jinadu, K.B., Akingbade, A.O., Adekanbi, AO., Olona, J.F., Adekunjo, R.K., Saka, A.A, Agbola, T.B., Olagbaju, O.T. and Olufayo, O.O. (2018). Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and rumen fermentation patterns of West African rams fed diets containing graded levels of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) seed meal. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 20(3): 197-202.
Jiwuba P.C., Ikwunze K., Ume S.I. and Nsidinanya N.O (2016) Performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and cost benefit of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Journal of Advances in Biology and Biotechnology, 8(3): 1-9.
Lamidi, A.A., Aina, A.B.J and Sowande, S.O. (2010). Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in West African dwarf goats fed blended diets for dry season. Proceedings of the 35th Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production held on the 14th – 17th March, 2010 at University of Ibadan, Nigeria. pp. 499 - 501.
Makkar, H.P.S. (2012). Application for the in vitro gas method in the evaluation of feed resources and enhancement of nutritional value of tannin rich tree/browse leaves and field evaluation of animal feed supplementation packages. Proceedings of an IAEA Technical Cooperation of Regional AFRA Project Organization. Cairo, Egypt, pp. 23-40.
Nsidinanya, N.O., Ezimoha, C.O. and Ibeawuchi, J.A. (2020). Growth and cost of producing red Sokoto goats fed brewer’s dried grains and malted sorghum sprout in Andropogon tectorum hay meal based diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 22(2): 277-286.
Ogundipe, S.O., Abeke, F.O., Sekoni, A.A., Dafwang, I.I. and Adeyinka, I.A. (2003). Effects of duration of cooking on the utilization of Lablab purpureus beans by pullet chicks. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 16-20, 2003, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 233-235.
Okoruwa, M. I., Obiku, A. and Agbonlahor, I. (2013). Rumen indices and performance response of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep as influenced by orange with pineapple pulps. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(11): 862 – 870.
Olawoye, S.O., Okeniyi, F.A., Adeboye, A.A., Alabi,O.O., Shoyombo, A.J., Animashahun, R.A. and Yousuf, M.B. (2020). Effects of formulated concentrate and palm kernel cake supplementation on performance characteristics of growing West African dwarf goat kids. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 22(2): 287-295.
Oloche, J., Waalawa,Y.G. and Andrew, O.I. (2019). Growth response and blood profile of Kano brown goats fed Gmelina arborea and supplemented with diets containing water soaked sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peels. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 21(3): 230-237.
Oloche, J., Anum J.T, and Adanebi, J. (2018). Effect of high levels of water soaked sweet orange peel meal on the performance response and blood profile of West African dwarf goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 45(2): 289-297.
Oluokun, J.A. (2005). Intake, digestion and nitrogen balance of diets blended with urea treated and untreated cowpea husk by growing rabbit. Africa Journal of Biotechnology, 4(10): 1203 – 1208.
Omotoso,O.B and Orilekolasi, T.A. (2019). Nutrient utilization and nitrogen metabolism by West African dwarf goat-bucks fed molasses treated bio-degraded rice husk. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 21(3): 205-218.
Ososanya, T.O. and Alabi, B.O. (2015). Utilization of graded levels of corn cobs and cowpea
husk on growth performance of West African dwarf ewes. African Journal of Livestock Extension, 15(1)
Salako, A.E. (2004). Maturity rate of some morphometric traits in the West African dwarf sheep of Nigeria. Tropical Journal Animal Science, 7(1): 51-55.
Tsado, D.N., Aremu, A., Egena, A., Ismah, O. (2009). Assessment of body weight of savanna brown goat, castrates, non-castrates and females using linear measurement. 34th Annual Conference of Nigeria Society for Animal Production, pp. 500–503.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74:3583-3597.
Yashim, S.M. (2017). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and haematological parameters of red Sokoto bucks fed varied levels of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) peels. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 19(2): 226-234.
Yusuf, A.O., Oyebanji, O.A., Yusuf, D.A., Ekunseitan, K.A. (2012). Blood profile of West African dwarf goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with Newbouldia laevis leaves. Bulletin of Animal Health Production Africa, 60:493-502.
Wikipedia. 2013. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/makurdi
Copyright (c) 2021 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
