Investigation On Hygiene Indicator Analysis (Total Coliforms, E. coli) of Kunun Aya Sold By Different Vendors Along Zoo Road, Kano Municipal, Kano State, Nigeria

Abstract

Kunun Aya is a common non-alcoholic beverage that is widely consumed in Nigeria owing to its high nutritional value and low cost. Poor hygiene during the production, packaging, storage, and sales of the beverage may expose it to microbiological contamination. This work evaluated the microbiological quality of Kunun Aya beverages sold by various vendors in Zoo Road, Kano Municipal Area, Nigeria, using total coliforms and Escherichia coli as indicators of hygiene. Twenty (20) Kunun Aya samples were collected aseptically and subjected to standard microbiological procedures. Total coliforms were determined by the MPN technique, while Escherichia coli was identified by isolation on EMB and confirmed through Gram staining. The results indicated a coliform count range of 0 to 1100 MPN/100 mL. Eighteen (90%) samples tested positive for total coliforms, but only two (10%) of the samples conformed to the accepted standard. Isolation of E. coli was positive in 8 (40%) samples, suggesting the potential presence of feces. Comparative analysis with WHO and NAFDAC standards revealed that most of the samples did not meet the standards. This study indicates that a considerable amount of Kunun Aya produced in the studied area presents various hazards to public health. Hygienic improvement, consumption of clean drinking water, microbial monitoring, and stringent regulation are therefore required for ensuring the microbiological safety of locally produced drinks.