Rural-Urban Connectivity a Panacea to Innovative Food System Transformation, Economic Growth and Employment in West Africa: A Review

Abstract

West Africa is experiencing rapid urbanisation, with urban populations projected to rise significantly in the coming decades. As food systems evolve, demand is growing for a wider range of products and processing techniques, placing pressure on rural farmers’ capacity to supply this expanding demand. This review synthesises evidence from academic literature and policy documents to examine whether rural–urban connectivity is a genuine panacea for food system innovation, economic growth, and employment in West Africa. It explores the linkages between rural and urban communities including materials flow, ICT, market, labour and commodities. Drawing on case studies from some West African countries, the review finds compelling evidence that improved connectivity catalyses agricultural value chain upgrading, reduces post-harvest losses, lowers costs, and unlocks entrepreneurship among smallholder farmers. This review forms part of a broader study on strengthening food systems and developing economies within West Africa with a focus on the value chain for cereals, vegetables, livestock and root crops. Lessons from the literature highlight the need for innovative approaches and effective resource management to build robust systems capable of driving high-impact interventions. Such systems could generate new economic opportunities by raising income levels and creating jobs. Achieving this requires investments in secondary cities particularly through partnerships to establish telecommunication and digital infrastructures, alongside strengthened rural and urban value chains built on sustainable relationships. A multi-dimensional policy framework is essential for West African governments and development partners to harness connectivity as a lever for inclusive food system transformation.