Potentials of Plant Oils in Nanoemulsion Formulations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1015-5444Keywords:
Plant oils, Nanoemulsion, Low-energy emulsification, Ostwald ripening, HLB, Protein corona, PRISMA, BioavailabilityAbstract
Plant-derived oil extracts are extensively used in food and pharmaceutical products owing to their significant pharmacological effects, which are largely attributed to their phytochemical constituents. However, these oils cannot be used in their natural state due to chemical instability, poor dispensability in food matrices, and unfavorable flavor profiles. To address these limitations, encapsulation technologies—particularly nanoemulsions—are being actively investigated as a viable strategy to enhance the applicability and potency of these organic compounds. Nanoemulsion formulations add considerable value to oil extracts for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, enabling both topical and systemic delivery. Key benefits include precise control over droplet size, protection against UV radiation and thermal fluctuations, prevention of volatile compound loss, and enhanced dissolution and stability of lipophilic drugs. This review critically evaluates the recent application of plant oil extract-based nanoemulsions as drug delivery nanosystems and their potential for treating various diseases. A literature search was conducted using the terms "plant-based oils," "nanoemulsions," and "formulation" across NCBI, ScienceDirect, and SCIELO, employing varied keyword combinations to ensure thorough coverage. The review discusses sources of plant-based oils, their phytochemical constituents, extraction and characterization methods, and their application in nanoemulsion formulation. It also examines formulation techniques for plant-based lipid nanoemulsions, key characterization parameters, loaded actives, and therapeutic efficacy findings. Additionally, this review highlights the strengths and limitations of existing studies, identifies research gaps warranting further exploration, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives of these nanosystems.
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