Synthesis, Characterization and Chemosensing Application of Schiff Base derived from 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 2-Nitroaniline and its Fe (II) and Cu (II) Complexes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1012-5013Keywords:
Complexes, chemosensor, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, Schiff base, azomethine, 2-nitroanilineAbstract
A Schiff base ligand was synthesized by refluxing 2-nitroaniline with 2- pyridinecarboxaldehyde in ethanol for three hours. The resulting ligand was further refluxed with metal (II) chlorides to yield Fe (II) and Cu (II) complexes in good yields, each exhibiting distinct colors. The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized using melting point, decomposition temperature, solubility tests, FTIR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity measurements, and elemental analysis. Elemental data confirmed a 1:2 metal-to-ligand stoichiometry. The FTIR spectrum of the Schiff base displayed a strong absorption band at 1620 cm⁻¹, attributed to the azomethine (C=N) stretch, which shifted to lower frequencies in the complexes indicating coordination through the azomethine nitrogen. Conductivity studies revealed non-electrolytic behavior, while magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed their paramagnetic nature. The Schiff base also exhibited potential as a fluorescence chemosensor, showing notable absorption changes at 295 and 395 nm and a visible color transition from light yellow to yellowish-brown, demonstrating high selectivity and sensitivity toward Cr³⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions compared to other analyte. The sensing performance was further evaluated through determination of limit of detection (LOD), which reflects the sensor’s sensitivity, and binding constant (Ka), which indicates the strength of the analyte-sensor interaction. Antimicrobial screening showed that the metal(II) complexes possessed enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activities compare to the Schiff base.
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