THE ROOF AS A FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT OF BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF AREA C STAFF RESIDENTIAL QUARTERS, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, SAMARU, ZARIA

Abstract

The roof is a vital component of the building envelope, acting as the primary barrier against environmental elements while influencing thermal comfort, structural stability, aesthetics, and sustainability. In tropical savanna climates such as Zaria, which is characterized by high solar radiation, seasonal rainfall of about 1,100 mm, and temperatures ranging from 25–38°C, the roofing systems must effectively manage heat gain, rainfall, and wind loads. This study examines the functional performance of roofs using Area C Staff Residential Quarters at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Samaru, Zaria, as a case study. A qualitative approach was adopted, drawing on architectural documentation, institutional reports, field observations, and relevant literature. Predominant roof types identified include gable and hipped forms, mainly constructed with corrugated galvanized iron and long-span aluminium sheets. Findings indicate that while earlier designs adequately provided basic shelter, their performance has declined due to ageing materials, inadequate maintenance, and unsystematic modifications. Emerging sustainable solutions, particularly green roofs, demonstrate the potential to reduce indoor temperatures and significantly lower surface heat gain. The study recommends improved maintenance, retrofitting with reflective and insulated materials, and adoption of sustainable roofing strategies to enhance overall building performance.