ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF Euphorbia tirucalli; ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ONE OF ITS BIOACTIVE PRINCIPLES TIRUCALLOL
Abstract
Antifungal properties of extracts from Euphorbia tirucalli against some wood decay fungi were studied. E. tirucalli fresh sample was harvested, cleansed and chipped into chips of 3 x 2 cm length and breadth. Chipped sample (846.3 g) was macerated in 1000 mL of ethyl acetate, n hexane and methanol solvents, respectively. Column chromatography experiment on E. tirucalli was carried out and antifungal screening was done according to standard method for 7 days to observe zones of inhibition of fungi growth. Broth dilution method was adopted to determine the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of E. tirucalli extracts and fraction. Results show that Fibroporia vaillantii, Fomitopsis pinicola, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Rhizopus sp. and Serpula lacrymans were sensitive to ethyl acetate, n’ hexane and methanol E. tirucalli extracts at concentration of 200 mg/mL with zone of inhibition of 18-26 mm and methanol extract had the highest value of 26 mm. The fraction had zone of inhibition of between 18 and 20 mm which are not significantly different (p<0.05) from 29-35 mm obtained from antibiotics. The MIC of 10 mg/mL and MFC of 20 mg/mL were recorded for extracts against the test fungi while MIC of 50 µg/mL and MFC 200 µg/mL were noted for fraction (Et15), respectively. Fraction (Et15) obtained from E. tirucalli was characterised as tirucallol compound. In conclusion, E. tirucalli extracts and fraction have proved to be effective in the control of wood decay fungi and may serve as control of diseases caused by the test fungi
References
Baniakina, J. and Eyme, J. 1997. Studies on the morphological and anatomical structures in the Family Euphorbiaceae. Revue de medicines et Pharmacopee africaine, 12: 27-48.
Chand, S., Lusunzi, I., Veal, D. A., Williams, L. R. and Karuso, P. 1994. Rapid screening of the antimicrobial activity of extracts and natural products. The Journal of Antibiotics, 47 (11), 1295-1304.
Fernandez-Arche, A., Saenz, M. T., Arroyo, M., de la Puerta, R. and Garcia, M. D. 2010. Topical anti-inflammatory effect of tirucallol, a triterpene isolated from Euphorbia lactea latex. Phytomedicine, 17 (2): 146–148. doi:10.1016/j. phymed. 2009.05.009.
Guevara, B. Q. 2005. A Guidebook to Plant Screening: Phytochemical and Biological, Revised Edition, UST Publishing House, Manila. Pp 156.
Hostettmann, K. and Marston, A. 1995. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products, 548: 326-327. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Kirbag, S., Erecevit, P., Zengin, F. and Guvenc, A. 2013. Antimicrobial activities of some Euphorbia species. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 10 (5): 305-309.
Kumar A. (1999). Some potential plants for medicine from India, Ayurvedic medicines, University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan. Pp. 1-12.
Loizou, S., Paraschos, S., Mitakou, S., Chrousos, G. P., Lekakis, I., and Moutsatsou, P. (2009). Chios Mastic Gum Extract and Isolated Phytosterol Tirucallol Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 234 (5): 553–561. Doi: 10.3181/0811-rm-338.
Mwine J. and Van Damme P. (2010). Evaluation of selected pesticidal plant extracts against major cabbage insect pests in the field. Tropentag 2010: "World Food System – A Contribution from Europe", ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 14-16 September 2010.
Mwine, J. and Damme, P. V. 2011. Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) – The miracle tree: Current status of available knowledge. Scientific Research and Essays, 6 (23): 4905-4914
Siddiqui, M., Alam, M., and Trivedi, P. 2003. Management of plant parasitic nematodes with latex bearing plants, Nematode management in plants. Scientific Publishers, India, Pp. 173-174.
Swapna, N. L. and Prasad, M. 2011. Efficacy of Euphorbia tirucalli (L.) towards microbicidal activity against human pathogens. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Sciences, 2 (1): 229-235.
Waheed, K., Muhammad, S. K., Shomaila, A., Muhammad, Z., Izhar, U. and Ullah, S. 2020. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia, Planta daninha, 38: 1-11.
Yi, Q., Wan, Z. Z., Nurulhidayah, C., Mohamad, E. Y., Azlina, A. and Suharni, M. 2017. The Antibacterial Properties of Euphorbia tirucalli Stem Extracts against Dental Caries-Related Bacteria. Medicine and Health, 12 (1): 34-41.
Copyright (c) 2020 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences