IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO EFFICACY OF Ocimum gratissimum AND Vernonia amygdalina ON ALBINO RATS AND SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES

Abstract

Phytochemical activity, in-vivo and in-vitro efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on albino rats and on some clinical isolates were investigated. Fifty samples comprising of twenty five (25) urine samples and twenty five (25) stool samples were collected from male and female patients at the State Hospital Ijebu Ode, Ogun State. The samples were analysed using standard microbiological method. The Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum were collected from Ago-Iwoye and its environs in Ogun State. The leaves extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial tests. These investigations revealed the presence of some constituents like; alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The antibacterial activity of the plant extract was assayed using the agar plate disc and well diffusion techniques. The isolated microorganisms were: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. The plant extracts showed antibacterial activities against the isolates at 6.25mg/ml with zone of inhibition of 1 mm (Klebsiella sp), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2mm), Escherichia coli (4 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus with 5 mm while the extract was resistance on Salmonella sp at 6.25mg/ml. Both male and female (20) albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in this experiment. The highest zone of inhibition was at 100mg/ml with Staphylococcus aureus showing the highest zone of inhibition with 36 mm, followed by E. coli (34 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp (28 mm) and Salmonella sp (25 mm).