Development and Evaluation of Locally Formulated Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs) for Treating Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6–59 Months in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract

Malnutrition occurs when individuals do not consume or absorb sufficient nutrients, contributing to nearly half of global child deaths, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It impairs growth, cognitive development, and productivity, creating significant economic burdens. Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs) are essential for treating severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The study aims to develop and evaluate maize- and sorghum-based ready-to-use therapeutic foods for treating acute malnutrition in children (6-59 months) in Nasarawa State. Diverse ingredients including maize/sorghum, groundnuts, soybeans, sesame seeds, dates, cashew nut, crayfish, moringa leaves, vegetable oil, and sugar were sourced and processed, and mixed in defined ratios. Nutrients analysis was conducted using standard methods. Sensory evaluation was conducted with 35 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Results showed energy values of 521.09 kcal/100g (MB-RUTF) and 527.44 kcal/100g (SB-RUTF). Protein contents were 15.70 g/100g (MB-RUTF) and 17.08 g/100g (SB-RUTF), while fat contents were 35.25 g/100g and 34.76 g/100g, respectively. Vitamin analysis indicated levels, respectively of vitamin A (526.40 and 622.00 mg/100g) and vitamin C (8.72 and 9.82 mg/100g). Others include vitamin D, E, K, and B-complex, demonstrating substantial contribution to micronutrient requirements. Mineral contents (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, P, Na, Cl, I) were within appreciable ranges. Sensory evaluation shows high acceptability, with SB-RUTF slightly preferred across all attributes. Findings demonstrate that locally produced, plant-based RUTF can meet nutritional requirements, reduce dependence on imported products, and enhance accessibility and affordability of SAM treatment in Nigeria. Incorporation of premixed micronutrients is recommended to ensure full nutritional adequacy.