ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON ART DRUG

Authors

  • Kabiru Samaila Uthman
  • A. K. Idiris
  • A. Ibrahim
  • A. Tijjani
  • O. Rapheal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0902-3275

Keywords:

HIV/AIDs, Anthropometric, Body Mass Index, RDA

Abstract

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system by infecting CD4 cells, damaging them and making the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections (OIs). Poor nutrition can exacerbate this issue by further weakening the immune system and increasing the risk of OIs. This study evaluated the nutritional status, dietary practices, and dietary management of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). A descriptive case study design was utilized, involving 194 HIV-infected individuals receiving treatment at General Hospital Kaura Namoda in Zamfara State. Anthropometric measurements were taken, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess the participants' nutritional status. Among the participants, 59.8% were female, while 40.2% were male. The age distribution showed that 38.6% of the patients were between 30 and 39 years old, with 26.2% being female and 12.4% male. Additionally, 81.8% had attended school, while 18.2% had not. The survey revealed that 80% of the patients were married, and 74% were unemployed. Dietary intake analysis indicated that the consumption of macro- and micronutrients was inadequate compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Body Mass Index (BMI) assessments showed that 46% of the PLWHA receiving treatment at General Hospital Kaura Namoda were underweight (BMI < 18 kg/m²). Also the result of the biochemical analysis indicated that serum albumin and total protein concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lower in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative controls. These findings highlight the importance of proper dietary management for PLWHA to prevent malnutrition and associated complications. If not adequately...

References

Aparupa, B. M., Anindita B., and Sharmila, C., (2022). An insight into the potent medicinal plant Phyllanthus amarus. The Nucleus. 65, 437-472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-022-00409-z

Araujo, R.E., Luiz, A.S., Cinthia, R.C., Ranniere, G.F., Hugo, C.G., Pedro, R.P. (2012). Growth Inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus niruri extracts in combination with cisplatin on cancer cell lines. World J of Gastro. 18: 4162-6168. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i31.4162 .

Aigner, B.A., Darsow, U., Grosber, M., Ring, J., Pltz, S.G. (2010) multiple basal cell carcinomas after long-term exposure to hydrazine: Case report and review of the literature. Dermatol. ; 221:300-302. https://doi.org/10.1159/000321338 . Epub 2010 Nov 22.

Bharatiya, V.B. (1992). Selected medicinal plants of India Bombany. Tafa press. 2: 235-237.

Binyamin, Y., Frenkel, A., Brotfain, E., Koyfman, L, Shliom, O, Klein, M. (2018).Elevated CPK levels afterhydrazine inhalation exposure in an F16 aircraft technician. Toxicol.5:927-928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.023 .

Burkill, H.M. (1994). The useful plant of West Tropical Africa. Royal bot. 2: 234-237.

Banerjee, A., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2022). An insight into the potent medicinal plant Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. The Nucleus: an International Journal of Cytology and Allied Topics, 1-36.Buege, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1978).Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol.52: 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-022-00409-z .

Cohen, G., Dembiec, D. and Marcus, J. (1970).Measurement of catalase activity in tissue extract. Ann.Biochem.34:30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(70)90083-7 .

Etta, H. (2008). Effects of Phyllanthus amarus on litter traits in albino rats. Scientific Research and Essay. 3(8):370372.

Isah, M. B. and Ibrahim, M. A. (2014). The role of antioxidants treatment on the pathogenesis of malarial infections: a review. Parasitology Research. 113: 801805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3804-1 .

Joseph, B. and Raj, S. J. (2011). An Overview: Pharmacognostic Property of Phyllanthus amrus li nn. Int Jour of Pharm. 1: 4145.

Karuna, R., Bharathi, V. G., Reddy, S. S., Ramesh, B. and Saralakumari, D. (2011). Protective effects of Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract against renal oxidative stress in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ind Jour of Pharm. 43:414418. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.83112 .

Keshavarz, M.H., Ramadan, A., Mousaviazar, A., Zali, A., Shokrollahi, A. (2011)..Reducing dangerous effects of unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine as a liquid propellant by addition of hydroxyl-ethylhydrazine, part II,performance with several oxidizers. J Energ Mater. 29(3):228-240.

Kloucek, P., Polesny, Z., Svobodova, B., Vlkova, E. and Kokoska, L. (2005). Antibacterial screening of some Peruvian medicinal plants used in Calleria District. Jour of Ethnopharma. 99 (2): 309-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.062

Kolumbaeva, S.Z., Shalakhmetova, T.M, Begimbetova, D.A., Bersimbaev, R.I., Kalimagambetov, A.M. (2007).Mutagenic effect of the rocket fuel component unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine on rats of different age. Russ J Genet. 43(6):608-12

Krithika, A. R. and Verma, R. R. J. (2009b). Mitigation of carbon tetrachloride induced damage by Phyllanthus amarus in liver of mice. Acta Poloniae Pharma Drug Res. 66: 439445.

Lia, W., Zhoua, M., Xua ,N., Hua, Y., Wanga Ch, Lib, D., Liuc, L., Lia, D.(2016).Comparative analysis of protective effects of curcumin, curcumin-b-cyclodextrin nanoparticle and nanoliposomal curcumin on unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine poisoning in mice. Bioengineered.7 (5):334-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2016.1197029

Makarovsky, I., Markel, G., Dushnitsky, T., Eisenkraft, A. (2008). Hydrazine: The space era agent. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008; 10 (4):302-6

Mazumder, A., Mahato, A. and Mazumder, R. (2006). Antimicrobial potentially of Phyllanthus amarus against drug resistant pathogens. Natl Prod Res. 20 (4): 323-326.Mena, S., Ortega, A. and Estrela J.M. (2009). Oxidative stress in environmental- induced carcinogenesis. Mutation Research. 674 (1-2): 3644.

Misra, H.P. and Fridovich, I. (1972). The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and single assay for superoxide dismutase. Journal of Biological Chemistry.247:3170-3175. PMID: 4623845

Omoregie,F.O., Okolie, N.P. and Abu O.D.(2017). Effects of aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaves on cyanide-induced toxicity in New Zealand Rabbits. NISEB Journal.16 (4):142-147. http://www.nisebjournal.org

Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S. J. and Shahabimajd, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity, phenols,flavanoid contents of selected Iranian medicinal plants. S Afri J of Biotech. 5:1142-1145.

Raphael, K.R., Ajith, T.A., Joseph, S. and Kuttan, R. (2002). Anti-mutagenic activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn in-vitro as well as in vivo. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 22: 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.10021 .

Rasool, H. (2012). Medicinal Plant (Importance and uses). Pharma Anal Acta. 3: 2153-2435.

Refaz, A. D., Mohd, S., and Parvaiz, H.Q. (2017). General overview of medicinal plants. Journal of Phytopharmacology. 6(6):349-351. www.phytopharmajournal.com

Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. (1957). A colorimetric method for the determination of SGOT and SGPT. Am. J. Clin.Path.28:56-58. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56

Ritz, B., Zhao, Y., Krishnadasan, A., Kennedy, N., Morgenstern, H. (2006).Estimated effects of hydrazine exposure on cancer incidence and mortality in aerospace workers. Epidemiol. 17(2):154-161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000199323.55534 .

Sadik, N.A.(2012). Chemopreventive efficacy of green tea drinking against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Cell Biochem Funct. 31(3):196-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.2873 .

Shebbo, S., El Joumaa, M., Kawach, R., Borjac, J. (2020). Metrics Hepatoprotective effect of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract against 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenic hepatic damage in mice. Heliyon. 6(6):1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04082 .

Sonia, V., Hitender, S., Munish, G. (2014). Phyllanthus Amarus: A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 3 (2):18-22. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2014.v3.i2.348/phyllanthus-amarus-a-review

Tasheen, M. and Mishra, G. (2013). Ethnobotany and Diuretic Activity of some Selected Indian Medicinal plants. The Pharma Innov. 2: 112. www.thepharmajournal.com

Umeaku, U., Ofusori, D.A., Umeaku, O.P., Edward, T.A. (2020). The effect of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissium (Linn) on 1, 2 - dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer in male Wistar rats. IJHA.2 (1):22-35. https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-20-3180

Walia, S., Kamal, R., Dhawan, D.K., Kanwar, S.S. (2018). Chemoprevention by probiotics during 1,2-dimethylhydrazineinduced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Dig Dis Sci. 63:900-909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-4949-z

Yaya, G., Benjamin, K. A. B., Fant, B., Sorho, S., Amadou, T. S. and Jean-Marie, C. (2012). Med Bact RASYAN J of Chem. 5(3): 332 340.

Published

2025-02-28

How to Cite

Uthman, K. S., Idiris, A. K., Ibrahim, A., Tijjani, A., & Rapheal, O. (2025). ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON ART DRUG. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(2), 180 - 185. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0902-3275

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>