ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF Leptadenia hastata AGAINST Escherichia coli CLINICAL ISOLATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0703-1850Keywords:
Potential, Leptadenia hastata, E. coli, Methanolic Extracts, IsolatesAbstract
The research aims at potential activities of leaf methanolic extracts of Leptadenia hastata against clinical Escherichia coli and extraction, phytochemicals and biochemical tests to the plant and organism. Escherichia coli is Gram negative, non-capsulated, bacillus, clinically important bacteria mostly isolated clinically and capable to cause gastro enteritis, urinary tract infections, diarrhea among others. L. hastata is a climbing shrub that produces flexible latex which become woody at the base. Potential activities of L. hastata leaf methanolic extracts against clinical Escherichia coli were observed. L. hastata leaf were sampled, Phyto-chemically screened using methanol and processed using Di-MethylSulfurOxide (DMSO). Clinical Bacterial Isolates were collected from Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital Kano, Kano State, Nigeria, investigated and screened for E. coli using Gram’s staining technique and some biochemical tests procedure for confirmation. L. hastata leaf methanolic extracts were processed against the isolates. Four (4) E. coli were found and tested against leaf methanolic extracts of L. hastata at different concentrations of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/mL respectively. Activity was observed directly proportional to the concentrations, where the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were at 500 and 1000 mg/mL accordingly. The research may lead to effective drug development against the clinical E. coli to address its pathogenicity, for the Public Health benefit. It is recommended that further research should be carried out to determine bioactive components of L. hastata leaf, toxicity level tests and Molecular characterization to the isolate (E. coli).
References
Abubakar L.G (1994). A Multiple Rotary Jab Planter for Sandy Loam Soils. MSc. Thesis Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Unpublished: 168 Pp.
Adisa A F. and F. G. Braide (1991). “Design and Development of Template Row Planter”, Transnational Journal of Science and Technology 2(7):27-33.
Adekoya, Buchel (1987) “Developed A Cam Activated Precision Punch Planter”. Transnational Journal of Science 2(7) 23 - 29.
Bland ford P.W. (1976). Old Farm Tools and Machinery. Douglas David and Charles Ltd. North Van CouverBc page 74.
Browen, H.D. Measurement of the edaphic Factors for determining Planter Specification. Transactions of the ASAE 1966, 9: 725-735.
Braide, F.G and Ahmadu, W.H. (1990) “Developed a transplanter for Some Selected Crops”, Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. Semantic Publishers. www.semanticscholar.org/paper pp 32-40.
Bashiri, I.M., D.A. Ode, and E.U. Ogwuche (2013). Development of a Hand Planter. Jorind Journal, 2(2): 1-7
Barut, Z.B, and A. Ozmerzi (2004). Effect of different operating parameters on seed holding in the single seed metering unit of air-suction planter. Turk. J. for Agric. 28(6): 435-441.
Donnell, R.H (1973) Farm power and machinery management. IOWA State University press, Ames, IOWA. Sixth edition pp 4-6.
Deshpande, S.D., S. Bal, and T.P. Ojha (1993). Physical Properties of Soybeans, J. of Agric: Engineering Res 56: 89-98.
Gupta, C.P. and TotokHerwanto (1990), “Design and development of a direct paddy seeder” Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America. 23(1):23-27.
Gianini, G.R., W.J. Chancellor and R.E. Garrett. (1967). Precision planter using vacuum for seed pick up. Transaction of the ASAE, 10(2): 607- 614
Hudspeth E.B, D.F. Wanjura (1970) A planter for precision depth and placement of cotton. Transaction of the ASAE, 13(2): 153-155
Ibukun, B.I., G. AgidiandI.C. Ugwuoke (2014) Design and fabrication of a single row maize planter for garden use. Journal of Advancement in Engineering and Technology, 1(2): 1-7.
Isiaka M., Suleiman M.L., El-Okene M.I., Muhammad U.S (2000) Development of two-row animal drawn seed planter. Savanna Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, Vol. 2, No. 1. Pp 29-32
Isiaka M., El-okene A.M.I. and SulaimanM.L (2001) Comparative study of three planting method for small and medium scale farm. Savannah journal of Agric. Mechanization 3 (1) p2
Isiaka M., El-okene A.M.I and Muhammad U.S (2001) Development of two-row Animal drawn seed planter. Savannah journal of Agric. Mechanization 2(1)
Jia H L,Y L Chen,J L Zhao,M Z Guo,D Y Huang, J Zhuang (2018) Design and key parameter optimization of an agitated soybean seed metering device with horizontal seed filling. Int J Agric. & Biol Eng, 11(2):76-87.
Jafari J.F (1991) A study of metering of a free following particulate solids using multi-flight screw. Proceedings of Institute of Mechanical Engineers. 10(205): 113-120
Kumar, K.; N. K. Naaresh and T. P. Ojha( 1986) “Design, construction and performance of a manually-operated seeding attachment for an animal drawn cultivator”. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, African and Latin America. 17(2): 35-38
Khurmi R.S and Gupta J.K (2007).A Textbook of machine Design. 14 Edition. Eurasion Ltd. Ran Nagar. New Delhi. P. 313-351
Kepner, R.A; Bainer, R. and Barger, E. L. (1973).Principles of farm machinery.3rdEdition.West port. G; AVI publishing company Inc Page 85-87
Kyada, A.R., D.B. Patel, (2014) Design and Development of Manually Operated Seed Planter Machine. All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR) Guwahati, Assam, India. Page 99
Karayel, D. (2009) Performance of a modified precision vacuum seeder for no-till sowing of maize and soybeans. Soil and Tillage Research, 104(1): 121-125
Karayel, D., M. wiesehoff, A. Ozmerzi, and J. Muller. (2006) Laboratory measurement of seed drill, seed spacing and velocity of fall seeds using high- speed camera system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 50(2): 89-96
Lepori, W.A, J.G. Porterfied and E.C. Fitch Jr (1972) Fluidic control of Seed Metering. Transaction of the ASAE, 17(3): 463-465
Nwakonobi T.U., F.I. Idike (2003) physical properties of soybeans. Nigerian journal of technology, 21(1) 90-91.
Maleki, M.R., J.F. Jafari, M.H. Raufat, A.M. Mouazen, and J. De Baerdemaker (2006) Evaluation of seed distribution uniformity of a multi-flight auger as a grain drill metering device. Biosystems Engineering, 94(4): 537-540.
Muhammad, G. (2010) Landslide susceptibility mapping to inform land use management decision in an altered climate. MSc thesis submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University. Pp 21
Murray, J.R., Tullberg, N.J., and B.B. Basnet,(2006) “Planters and their components; types, attributes, functional requirements, classification and description ,” Australian center for international agricultural research (ACIAR) monograph 121. 200
Murray, J.R., J.N. Tullerg, and B.B. Basnet “Planters and their components; types, attributes, functional requirements, classification and description”. School of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Queensland, Australia.135-137.
Olaye, J.O. and Bolufawi, S.J. (2001). Design, Fabrication and Performance of a Multi- Purpose Row Planting Machine. Journal of Sustainable Environment, 3(1): 7-20
Olajide, O.G., S.I. Manuwa (2014) Design, fabrication and testing of a low-cost row- crop planter for peasant farmer. Proceedings of the international soil tillage research organization (ISTRA). Pp 97
Odigbo, E. U (1983) Agricultural Machinery Manufacture in Nigeria: Prospects and Potential Proceedings of Nigeria Society and Technology in Food Production. Pp 78- 102
Odigbo, E. U (1981) Economic Emancipation or rural Isolation. NSAE Presidential address at 81 NSAE Annual Conference Proceeding of Nigeria Society of Agricultural Engineers Vol.5.Pp 8-10
Olaye, J.O. and Bolufawi, S.J. (2001) Design, Fabrication and Performance of a Multi- Purpose Row Planting Machine. J. Sustain. Environ. 3(1): 7-20
Shafii, S., and R.G. Holmes (1990) Air jet seed metering a theoretical and experimental study. Transaction of the ASAE, 33(5): 1432-1438.
Smith, H. P. and Wilkes, L.H. (1970) Design, development and evaluation of tractor drawn “dalo” planter in Fuji; Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, African and Latin America. 11(1):74
Sultan A. and C. P. Gupta (1994). Develoment and Evaluation of Manually-Operated Garlic Planter. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America 25(2):29-34.
Siwasamy, S. (1971).Terminal velocity of solids M. Tech. Thesis, G. B. Pant University and Tech. Pantnaga India.
Sighn, S.O.K., Sharma, P.K., Gupta and Chauhan, A. m. (1985) A ridge planter for winter. J. of Agric. Engg. ISAE 22(2): 115-118.
Singh, R.C., G. Singh, and D.C. Saraswat (2005) Optimizations of design an operational parameters of a pneumatic seed metering device for planting cotton seeds. Bio-Systems Engineering, 92(4): 429-438.
Sreenarayan, V.V (1985) Physical and Thermal properties of soybean. Proceedings of Indian Society of Agric, Engineers, 3: 161-189.
Soyoye B. O., O. C.Ademosun, E. O. Olu-Oja (2016). Manually operated vertical seed – plate maize planter. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal. 18(14): 70-80.
Soyoye B. O., O. C.Ademosun, and L. A. S Agbetoye (2018).Development of some physical and mechanical properties of soybeans and maize in relation to planter design. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 20(1): 81-89
Salokhe, V.M. and Oida, A. (2003) Development of Appropriate Agricultural Machinery for Southeast - Asian Countries. Laboratory of Agricultural System Engineering, Southeast- Asian. MSc. Thesis Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Unpublished:Pp 28-36.
Upahi, E. J. (2017). Development and performance optimization of a two – row engine propelled seed ridge planter; PhD Thesis submitted to the Department of Argic, and Bio- Resources Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University; Unpublished: 209 Pp.
Wilkens, D.E., P.A. Adrian and W.S. Conky (1979), punch planting of vegetable seed: A progress report Transaction of the ASAE 22(4) 746- 749.
Jayan, P. R., and V. J. F. Kumar (2004).Planter design in relation to the physical properties of seeds. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 42(1-2): 69-71.
Zhao, X.S., H.L. Yu, J.G. Zhang, X.J, Hou, F.Y. Chen and J. Zhao (2013) Slot-type pneumatic precise wheat seed- metering device. T. Chinese Soc. Agric. Mach., 44(3): 48-51, 74.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
