ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SOILS AND DISEASED TOMATO PLANTS ON FARMERS’ FIELDS IN BENUE STATE NIGERIA
Keywords:
Fungi, Identification, Infected Soils, Isolation, Tomato PlantsAbstract
A study was carried out to isolate and identify fungi associated with infected tomato plants and soils collected from tomato fields in major tomato growing Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Benue State, Nigeria. Fungi isolated from diseased tomato plant tissues and rhizospheric soils using the direct plate and soil dilution techniques respectively were identified through examination of cultural and microscopic features, aided by relevant identification keys and manuals. A total of 46 fungi belonging to 5 divisions and 14 genera were isolated from sampled plant and soil materials. Soil samples gave the highest number of fungal isolates, 31/46(67.39%) compared to plant materials, 15/46(32.61%). Plant and soil samples collected from Buruku LGA yielded the highest number of fungal isolates, 16 followed by Ushongo, 14, Gboko, 10, and lastly Tarka, 06. Fungi belonging to the Division Deuteromycota were the most frequently occurring, 76.09%, followed by Ascomycota, 13.04% and both Oomycota and Basidiomycota with 4.35% respectively. Members of the Zygomycota were the least occurring in the sampled materials with 2.17%. Fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus were the most frequently occurring with 19.57%. The least frequently occurring fungi were those belonging to the genera Colletotrichum, Scopulariopsis, and Mucor, all having 2.17% frequencies of occurrence respectively. The study revealed the occurrence of fungi in tissues and rhizosphere of the tomato plant, which included several fungi genera of agricultural importance.
References
Adedapo A. A, Abatan M. O. and Olorunsogo O. O. (2007). Effect of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Veterinarski Arhiv. 77: 29 - 38.
Adedapo A. A., Sofidiya M. O., Masika P. J. and Afolayan A. J. (2008). Safety evaluations of the aqueous extract of Acacia karroo stem bark in rats and mice, Records of Natural Products 2: 128 - 134.
Adeniyi T. T., Ajayi G. O., Akinsanya M.A. and Jaiyeola T. M. (2010). Biochemical changes induced in rats by aqueous and ethanolic corm extract of Zygotritonia croceae. Scientific Research and Essay. 5: 71 - 76.
Agostinho AB. Integration of Traditional Medicine in Health Systems in Africavol. 2. Univ Forum; 2011. http://www.universitasforum.org/index.php/ojs/article/ view/68. Accessed August 1, 2018. Accessed 2.
Ahmad IA, Farrukh F, Owais M. Herbal medicines: prospects and constraints. In: Ahmad I,F, Aqil, Owais M, eds. Modern Phytomedicine: Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs. Germany: -VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.; 2006:59e78. https://doi.org/
1002/9783527609987.ch3.
Bandaranayake WM. Quality control, screening, toxicity, and regulation of herbal drugs,. In: Ahmad IAF, Owais M, eds. Modern Phytomedicine: Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs. Germany: VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.; 2006:25e57.
Elufioye T. O., Agbedahunsi, J. M. (2004). Antimalarial activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae) on mice in vivo. J. ethnopharmacol. 93: 2-32-3, 167-171.
Gurib-Fakim A. Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Asp Med. 2006;27(1):1e93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam. 2005.07.008.
Hosseinzadeh S, Jafarikukhdan A, Hosseini A, Armand R. The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: a review of. Thymus vulgaris Int J Clin Med. 2015;06(09):635e642. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2015.69084.
Hunter P. (2008). A toxic brew we cannot live without. Micronutrients give insights into the interplay between geochemistry and evolutionary biology. EMBO Rep. 9:15–8. [PMCID: PMC2246629] [PubMed: 18174893].
Krah E, de Kruijf J, Ragno L. Integrating traditional healers into the health care system: challenges and opportunities in rural northern Ghana. J Community Health. 2018;43(1):157e163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0398-4.
Kuppast I. J., Vasudeva, Nayak P., Ravi M. C. and Biradar S. S. (2009). Studies on the hematological effect of the extracts of Cordiadichotoma Forst. F. Fruits. Research Journal Pharmacology and Pharamacodynamics. 1: 117-119.
Lorke D. (1983). A New Approach to Practical Acute Toxicity Testing. Archives of Toxicology, 54: 275 - 287.
Mahomoodally MF. Traditional medicines in Africa: an appraisal of ten potent african medicinal plants. Evid Based Complement Altern Med ECAM. 2013;2013: 617459. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/617459
Mohajeri D, Mousavi G. and Mesgari M. (2007). Subacute toxicity of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) stigma ethanolic extracts in rats. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2: 189 - 193.
OECD (1995). Repeated Dose 28- day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. OECD guideline for testing of chemicals 407: 1-8.
Okpuzor J, Ogbunugafor H. A. and Kareem G. K. (2009). Hepatoprotective and hematologic effects of fractions of Globimetula braunii in normal albino rats. EXCIL Journal, 8: 182 – 189.
Olayode, O. A., Oluwatoyin, O. M. and Olayiwola, D. G. (2020). Biochemical, hematological and histopathological evaluation of the toxicity potential of the leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis in rats. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 10 (2020) 544 – 554.
Yakubu M. T., Akanji M. A. and Oladiji A. T. (2005). Aphrodisiac potentials of aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. Ex Heirn) stem in male albino rats. Asian Journal of Andrology, 7(4): 399 - 404.
Salawu O. A., Chindo B. A., Tijani A. Y. and Adzu B. (2008). Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antiplasmodial effects of the methanolic extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(8): 213 - 218.
Salawu O. A., Chindo B. A,, Tijani A. Y., Obidike I. C., Salawu, T. A. and Akingbasote, A. J. (2009). Acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation of the methanolic stem bark extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga in rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 3(12) pp. 621-626.
Tan V. P., Boda M., Enow-Orock G. E., Francois-Xanvier B. P. (2007). Acute and sub-acute toxicity profile of the aqueous stem bark extract of Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae) in laboratory animals. Pharmacol. 1: 304-313.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
