PATH LOSS PREDICTION MODELING FOR DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION (DTTV) IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST ZONE OF NIGERIA

Authors

  • Akinsanmi Akinbolati Federal University Dutsinma
  • M. O. Ajewole
  • A. T. Adediji

Keywords:

DTTV, Path loss modeling, Tropical Rain Forest, Received Signal Strength (RSS)

Abstract

This study investigated the channel losses of a Digital Terrestrial Television Base Station (DTTBS) operating on 722 MHz in a Tropical Rain Forest, Sub Urban City of Akure, South West, Nigeria. The digital field strength values of the base station were measured at intervals of 1km along three selected routes around the station using a digital signal strength meter (Satlink WS-6936 model). A GPS receiver was used to monitor the line of sight with the station as reference and to log the geographic coordinates and heights of data points. A compact wireless weather station model N96FY was used for the measurement of surface meteorological parameters of Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure and Humidity of data locations whereas, the corresponding surface radio refractivity values along the routes were derived from the atmospheric components recorded. Data were collected during dry and wet seasons for comparative studies. Path loss along the routes for each of the seasons was calculated using Okumura-Hata model. Results for all the routes and seasons revealed that path losses were higher when using receiver antenna height of 1.5 m compared to that of 3.0 m. Also, path losses increase with distance in all the routes and seasons, however path losses were more significant during wet seasons compared to the dry seasons. In addition, the data obtained were used to revalidate existing path loss model for use in the study area. The overall findings of this work will be useful in Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) Industry for channel optimization and equipment design

 

References

Abdulkarim SM, Lai OM, Muhammad SKS, Long K and Ghazali HM (2005). Some physico-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted using solvent and aqueous enzymatic methods. Food Chem., 93: 253-263.

Adebayo SE, Orhevba BA, Adeoye PA, Musa JJ and Fase OJ (2012). Solvent extraction and characterization of oil from star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) seeds. Acad. Res. Int., 3(2):178-183.

Amadi BA., Agomuo EN and Ibegbulem CO (2004). Research methods in Biochemistry. Supreme Publishers.

Ambi AA, Abdurahman EM, Katsayal UA, Sule MI, Pateh UU and Ibrahim NDG (2011). Toxicity evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaves. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Inno., 4: 22-24.

Anhwange BA, Ajibola VO and Oniye SJ (2004). Chemical studies of the seeds of Moringa oleifera (lam) and Detarium microcarpum (guill and sperr). J. Biol. Sci., 4: 711-715

Anwar F and Rashid U (2007). Physicochemical characteristics of Moringa oleifera seeds and oil from a wild province of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 39: 1443-1453

Anwar F, Zafar SN and Rashid U (2006). Characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil from drought and irrigated regions of Punjab Pakistan. Grasas Y Aceites, 57 (2): 160-168.

A.O.A.C (1990). 15th edition AOAAC Inc. suite 4000 Virginia USA

A.O.A.C (1980). 13th edition London AOAC, Washington DC.

Aremu1 MO, Ibrahim H and Bamidele TO (2015). Physicochemical characteristics of the oils extracted from some Nigerian plant foods – A Review. Chem. Pro. Eng. Res., 32.

Bouanga-Kalou G, Dhellot JR, Matos L, Kimbonguila A, Mountou-Tchitoula D and Malela KE (2014). Characteristic physicochemical of oil extract from Moringa oleifera and the kinetics of degradation of the oil during heating. Res. J. App. Sci., Eng. Technol., 7(17): 3649-3655

Damude HG and Kinney AJ (2008). Enhancing plant seed oils for human nutrition. Plant Physiol., 147(3): 962-968.

Dyer JM, Stymne S, Green AG and Carlsson S (2008). High-value oils from plants. The plant Journal, 54: 640-655.

Fahey JW (2005). Moringa Oleifera: A review of the medicinal evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Tree for Life Journal.

FAO/WHO (2009). Report on the 21st session of the Codex Alimentarius Committee on fats and oils. Kola Kinabalu, Malaysia.

Friday ET, Omale J, Olupiyo O and Adah G (2011). Investigation on the nutritional and Medicinal potential of Ceiba pentandra. Int. J. Plant physiol. Biochem., 3(6): 95-101

Grilo EC, Costa PN, Gurgel CSS, Lima Bessera AF, Almeida FNS and Dimenstein R (2014). Alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol concentration in vegetable oils. Food Sci. Technol. (campinas), 34 (2).

Lalas S and Tsaknis J (2002). Characterization of Moringa oleifera seed variety ‘Periyakulam 1’. J. Food Compos. Anal., 15(1): 65-77.

Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiralsdi A, Aristil J and Bertoli S (2016). Moringa oleifera seeds and oil: Characteristic and uses for human health. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17(2141): 1-14.

Li SG, Zhang H and Xue WT (2007). A novel method for the determination of acid value of vegetable oils. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech., 109: 1088-1094.

Ogbunugafor HA, Eneh FU, Ozumba AN, Igwo-Ezikpe MN, Okpuzor J, Igwilo IO, Adenekan SO and Onyekwelu OA (2011). Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil. Pak. J. Nutr., 10(5): 409.

Pant P (2016). Sanja-A green super food. Bull. Env. Pharm. Life Sci., 5(3): 98-102.

Pearson D and Cox HE (1962). The chemical analysis of food chemical. Publish CO Inc. New York.

Tsaknis J, Lalas S, Gergis V, Dourtoglou and Spiliots V (1999). Characterization of Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seed oil of Kenya. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 4495-4499.

Vermaak I, Karmatou GPP, Komane-Mofokeng B, Viljoen AM and Beckett K (2011). African seed oils of commercial importance-cosmetic applications. S. Afr. J. Bot., 77: 920-933.

Win DT (2005). Oleic Acid – The Anti-Breast Cancer Component in Olive Oil. AU J.T., 9(2):75-78

Published

2023-03-18

How to Cite

Akinbolati, A., Ajewole, M. O., & Adediji, A. T. (2023). PATH LOSS PREDICTION MODELING FOR DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION (DTTV) IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST ZONE OF NIGERIA. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 2(3), 79 - 89. Retrieved from https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/view/1388