EVALUATION OF BISCUITS PRODUCED FROM WHEAT (Triticum aestivum), TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) AND ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO (Ipomea batatas) FLOURS

Authors

  • S. C. Ubbor
  • V. C. Ezeocha
  • J. N. Okoli
  • O. E. Agwo
  • O. A. Olaoye
  • I. E. Agbai

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0604-1072

Keywords:

Pro-vitamin A deficiency, wheat, tiger nut, indigenous crops, flour

Abstract

Biscuits are ready-to-eat nutritious baked snacks that are available in different shapes and sizes. One of the problems that militate against food security in developing countries such as Nigeria is postharvest loss and underutilization of locally cultivated food crops. This study aimed at evaluating the quality of biscuits produced from wheat, tiger nut and orange fleshed sweet potato flours. Wheat flour was substituted with tiger nut and orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flours for the production of biscuits. While constant 10% tiger nut flour was used in each of the six formulations, the OFSP flour portions were increased from 5 to 30%. A 100% wheat flour served as control. The functional properties of the flours, proximate composition, energy value, vitamin contents, physical and sensory properties of the biscuits were determined using standard methods. The result of the functional properties showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in the bulk densities and gelatinization temperatures of the flour blends. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in the moisture content of the biscuit samples made from the composite flours compared to the control biscuit sample. Inclusion of tiger nut and sweet potato flour led to increase in the fat, fibre, carbohydrate content and energy values of the biscuit samples. The pro-vitamin A and vitamin C increased as the proportion of orange sweet potato increased and in all the composite biscuits containing tiger nut flour. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the thickness, spread ratio and volume of the biscuits. The results of the sensory properties

References

Aderolu, A.Z., Lawal, M.O., Seriki, B.M. and Apatira, A.L. (2011). Compensatory growth effects on previously starved fingerlings and juveniles of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822). African Journal of Food Science, 5(11): 637-642.

Ali, M.Z. and Jauncey, K. (2003). Effect of restricted feeding on compensatory growth responses in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Indian Journal of Fish, 50(4): 489-497.

Ali, T.E., Martínez-Lorens, S., Moñino, A.V., Cerdá, M.J. and Tomás-Vidal, A. (2016). Effects of weekly feeding frequency and previous ration restriction on the compensatory growth and body composition of Nile tilapia fingerlings. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 42(3): 357-363.

Bhat, S.A., Chalkoo, S.R. and Shammi, Q.J. (2011). Nutrient utilization and food conversion of rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, subjected to mixed feeding schedules. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11: 273-281.

Bradley B., Byrd, K.A., Atkins, M., Isa, S.I., Akintola, S.L., Fakoya, K.A., Ene-Obong, H. and Thilsted, S.H. (2020). Fish in food systems in Nigeria: A review. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. Program Report: 2020-06.

Eroldogan, O.T., Tasbozan, O. and Tabakoglu, S. (2008). Effects of restricted feeding regimes on growth and feed utilization of juvenile gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39(2): 267-274.

FAO. (2020). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishstatJ). In: FAO Fisheries Division [online]. Rome. www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en.

Ferreira, L.S.B.P. and Nuñer, A.P.O. (2015). Food deprivation and compensatory growth in juvenile piava, Leporinus obtusidens. Bol. Inst. Pesca, São Paulo, 41(3): 471 – 478.

Gaylord, T.G. and Gatlin, D.M. (2000). Assessment of compensatory growth in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus R. and associated changes in body condition indices. Journal of the world aquaculture society, 31(3): 326-336.

Hussein, M.S. (2012). Effect of various feeding frequencies on growth performance and previously starved fingerlings and juveniles of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 16(2): 145 – 152.

Li, M.H., Robinson, E.H. and Bosworth, B.G. (2005). Effects of periodic feed deprivation on growth, feed efficiency, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 36(4): 444-453.

Perez-Jimenez, A., Trenzado Romero, C.E. and Hernandez, G.C. (2011). Metabolic responses to food deprivation in fish. In: Biology of Starvation in Humans and Other Organisms Ed. Todd C. Merkin. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. ISBN: 978-1-61122-546-4.

Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) (1998). Restricted feeding regimes increase production efficiency in channel catfish. SRAC Publication No. 189.

Tiamiyu, L.O., Okomoda, V.T. and Agbo, H.E. (2018). The effect of different feeding rates and restriction on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 17(4) 840-847.

World Bank (2007). Changing the face of the waters: The Promise and Challenge of Sustainable Aquaculture. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank.

Worldfish (2009). Producing tilapia feed locally: A low cost option for small-scale farmers. www.worldfishcenter.org.

Wu, G.I., Saoud, P., Miller, C. and Davis, D.A. (2004). The effect of feeding regimen on mixed-size pond-grown channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 15(3/4): 115-125.

Zakes, Z., Kowalska, A., Czerniak, S. and Demska-Zakes, K. (2006). Effect of feeding frequency on growth and size variation in juvenile pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.) A. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 51(2): 85–91

Published

2022-09-03

How to Cite

Ubbor, S. C., Ezeocha, V. C., Okoli, J. N., Agwo, O. E., Olaoye, O. A., & Agbai, I. E. (2022). EVALUATION OF BISCUITS PRODUCED FROM WHEAT (Triticum aestivum), TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) AND ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO (Ipomea batatas) FLOURS. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 6(4), 254 - 261. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0604-1072