INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BOGORO AND ENVIRONS, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Abstract
The quality of drinking water in some selected areas of Bogoro and its Environs in Bauchi State, Nigeria, were investigated in order to assure a continuous supply of clean and safe drinking water for public health protection and analyze the spatiotemporal variation of groundwater quality in the area. A rigorous physical and chemical study of drinking water samples was conducted in some residential and commercial areas. For each water sample collected during dry and wet seasons, a variety of physical characteristics such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical parameters such as Ca, Na, K, SO24, PO24, F, Cl, Cu, Mg, Fe, and Mn were analyzed. The resulting values for each parameter were compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) and European Union (EU) standards. The values of each parameter were found to be within the permissible limits with the exception of Turbidity with an average value of 7.55mg/L, Fluoride (0.52mg/L), Iron 0.69mg/L which were above the permissible limit. The implications of ingestion of these contaminants include Gastro-Intestinal distress, liver or kidney damage with some other health implications. However, in order to assess the total water quality of water in the area, it’s necessary to analyze other potential water contaminations, such as heavy metals, microbiological and radioactive elements, and human body fluids. Based on these findings, it’s recommended that Public health institutions should intensify awareness and enlightenment campaigns to water users on procedures and water treatment techniques.
References
Abubakar, B and Adekola, O. (2012). Assessment of Borehole Water Quality in Yola-Jimeta Metropolis, Nigeria, International. Journal Water Resources and Env. Eng. vol. 4(9), pp 287-293.
Azrina, A. Khoo, H. E. Idris, M. A. Amin, I. and Razman, M. R. (2011).Major inorganic elements in tap water samples in Peninsular Malaysia,†Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 271–276.
Cater, J.D. Barber, W. and Tait E.A. (1963). The Geology of part of Adamawa, Bauchi, and Borno Provinces in North-Eastern Nigeria. Bull. NO. 30 Geological Survey of Nigeria pp245.
Dean, J. R (2007). Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility and mobility of environmental contaminants, John Wiley & Sons.
DeZuane, J. (1997). Handbook of Drinking Water Quality, John Wiley & Sons.
Dissmeyer, G.E. (2000). Drinking water from Forests and Grasslands, South Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Ashville, NC, USA.
European Union (2011). Standard for drinking water, 3rd European Union water conference.
Fawell, J.K. (1993). “The impact of inorganic chemicals on water quality and health, Annalidell' Istituto Superiore di Sanita, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 293–303.
Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). (1991). Guidelines and Standards for environmental pollution in Nigeria.pp16.
Federal Survey of Nigeria (1976).Topographic map of Tafawa Balewa Southwest of 1976, the scale of 1:100000.
Geological Survey Agency of Nigeria (2014). The Geological survey agency of Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Mines and power.
Heydari. M. M. and Bidgoli, H. N. (2012). Chemical analysis of drinking water of Kashan District, Central Iran,†World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 799–805, 20.
International Agency for the Research on Cancer (IARC) (1993). Beryllium, Cadmium, Mercury, and Exposures in the Glass Manufacturing Industry, vol. 58 of IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans, IARC, Lyon, France.
Iloeje, N.P. (1981): A New Geography of Nigeria. Longman Nig. Ltd., Lagos.Pp 231.
Ishaku, J.M. and Matazu, H.I. (2001).Evaluation of Water Resources of Numan area, northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology vol. 37(2), pp195-202.
Ishaku, J.M. Ahmed, A.S and Abubakar, M.A. (2012). Assessment of groundwater quality using chemical indices and GIS mapping in Jadda area, Northeastern Nigeria: Journal of science and geotechnical engineering vol. 1, pp 35-60.
Jia, W. Li, C. Qin, K. and Liu, L. (2010). “Testing and analysis of drinking water quality in the rural area of High-tech District in Tai'an City,†Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 155–157.
Katsoyiannis, I. A. and Zouboulis, A. I. (2013). Removal of uranium from contaminated drinking water: a mini review of available treatment methods,†Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 51, no. 13–15, pp. 2915–2925.
Mangale, S.M, Chonde S.G, Raut, P. (2012). Use of Moringa oleifera (drumstick) seed as natural absorbent and an antimicrobial agent for ground water treatment. Res. J. Recent Sci. 2277:2502.
McCurry, P. (1976). The Geology of Precambrian to lower Paleozoic rocks of Northern Nigeria – A review in Kogbe C. An (Ed) Geology of Nigeria Elizabeth Publishing Co. Ibadan, Nigeria pp. 15-38.
Nollet, L. M. L. (2000). Handbook of Water Analysis, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA.
Obaje N.G. (2009).The Basement Complex. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 120. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Okafor, D.W. (1994). The physicochemical qualities of the water of River Bakoji catchment area of Niger State, Nigeria. Jour. Water Res., vol.4 (182), pp 22-27.
Rajkumar, N., Subramani,T. and Elongo, L. (2010). Groundwater Contamination Due to Municipal Solid Waste Disposal- A GIS-Based Study in Erode City. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol.1, No.1, pp 39-55.
Palintest (1980).The Palintest System-Test Instructions for Photometer 5000 Pool Test Kit. Newcastle upon Tyne, Palintest Ltd.
Sawyer, C.N. and McCarthy, P.L. (1967). Chemistry for Sanitary engineers, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New-York 518 p.
Todd, D.K. (1980). Groundwater hydrology, 2nded.Newyork.John Wiley & Sons, 503pp.
Tuzen, M. and Soylak, M. (2006). Evaluation of metal levels of drinking waters from the Tokat-black sea region of Turkey,†Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 915–919.
United Nation (2013).Water, An increasing demand, facts ans figures, UN-Water, coordinated by UNESCO in collaboration with UNECE and UNDESA.
World Health Organization (2011).Guidelines for drinking water quality.Fourth Edition. Geneva.
Copyright (c) 2022 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
