EFFECTS OF LEAD ON THE GROWTH OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller.)
Abstract
The research aimed at investigating the effects of Lead as Pb2+ ion on growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.). The study comprised two phases, in vitro and field experiment. The concentration of lead treatment applied to in vitro, and field base experiment were 0ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm, 300ppm, 350ppm, and 400ppm with four replications each. The parameters investigated include percentage germination, radicle length, plumule length, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, root length and number of leaves. The results showed action of Pb2+ ion increase percentage germination while radicle and plumule length, fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, and root length significantly decreased at high concentration of Pb2+ ion compared to controls. Moreover, plants height revealed stunted growth. Conclusively, actions of Pb2+ ion at high concentration revealed decreased in plant activities associated with tomato growth.
References
Acquaah, G. (2002). Principles and Practices of Horticulture. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 2: 5-7.
Agbogidi, O. M. (2015). Introduction to ecology and environment. Sanctuary Ultra-Modern Print, Ibadan 276p.
Akinci, I., E., Sermin, A. and Kadir, Y. (2010). Response of tomato (solanum Lycopersicum.) to lead toxicity: growth, element uptake, chlorophyll, and water. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(6): 416-423.
Berry, O. P. (2001). The roots of a healthy diet. Journal of Chemistry and Industry, 2i (2): 142-145.
Dahmani, M., Van-Oort, H. F., Gelie, B. and Balabane, M. (2000). Strategies of heavy metal uptake by three plant species growing near a metal smelter. Environmental Pollution, 109: 231-238.
Deni, G. (2014). Effect of lead in the environment. Journal of lead, last updated 10th May 2014.
Dey, S. K., Dey, J., Patra, S. and Pothal, D. (2007). Changes in the antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in wheat seedlings exposed to cadmium and lead stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 19(1):53–60.
Fargasova, A. (2001). Phytotoxic effects of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L). seedlings and their accumulation in roots and shoots. Biological Plants, 44(3): 471- 473.
Gichner, T., Znidar, I. and Száková, J. (2008) Evaluation of DNA damage and mutagenicity induced by lead in tobacco plants. Mutation Resources Genetic, Toxicology and Environmental Mutagen, 652(2):186–190.
Gopal, R. and Rizvi, A. H. (2008). Excess lead alters growth, metabolism, and translocation of certain nutrients in radish. Chemosphere, 70(9):1539–1544.
Gothberg, A., Greger, M., Holm, K. and Bengtsson, B. E. (2004). Influence of Nutrient Levels on Uptake and Effects of Mercury, Cadmium, and Lead in Water Spinach. Journal of Environmental Science, 33: 1247–1255.
Guidotti, T. L. and Ragain, L. (2007). Protecting children from toxic exposure: three strategies. Pediatric clinics of North America, 54 (2): 227–35.
Islam, E., Yang, X., Li, T., Liu, D., Jin, X. and Meng, F. (2007). Effect of lead toxicity on root morphology, physiology, and ultrastructure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtziaargyi. Journal of Hazard Matter, 147(3):806–816.
Kevresan, S., Petrovi, N., Popovic, M. and Kandrac, J. (2001). Nitrogen and protein metabolism in young pea plants as affected by different concentrations of nickel, cadmium, lead, and molybdenum. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24(10): 1633-1644.
Murphy, K. (2009). For urban gardeners, lead is a concern. Mutation Resources Genetic, Toxicology and Environmental Mutagen, 652(2):186–190.
Opeolu, B. O., Adenuga, O. O., Ndakidemi, P. A. and Olujimi, O. O. (2010). Assessment of phyto-toxicity potential of lead on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) planted on contaminated soils. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 5(2): 068-073.
Payne, M. (2008). Water. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179(3): 253–254.
Peet, M. (2009). Tomato. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
Punamiya, P., Datta, R., Sarkar, D., Barber, S., Patel, M. and Das, P. (2010) Symbiotic role of glomusmosseae in phytoextraction of lead in vetiver grass [Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.)]. Journal of Hazard Matter, 177(1–3):465–474.
Renato, V. (2014). Upstate. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings,12: 12.
Sengar, R. S., Gautam, M., Sengar, R. S., Garg, S. K. and Chaudhary, R. (2009). Lead stress effects on physiobiochemical activities of higher plants. Review of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 196:1–21.
Sharma, P. and Dubey, R. S. (2005) Lead toxicity in plants. Brazil Journal of Plant Physiology.17(1):35–52.
Singer, M. J., and Hanson. L. (2009). Lead accumulation in soils near highways in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 33:152-153.
Singh, R., Tripathi, R. D., Dwivedi, S., Kumar, A., Trivedi, P. K. and Chakrabarty, D. (2010). Lead bioaccumulation potential of an aquatic macrophyte Najasindicaare related to antioxidant system. Bio-resources Technology, 101:3025–3032.
Stevens, D. P., McLaughlin, M. J. and Henrich, T. (2003). Determining toxicity of lead and zinc runoffs in soils: Salinity effects on metal partitioning and phytotoxicity. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, 22(12): 3017-3024.
WHO, (2009).Global health risks : mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks.(PDF). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Woolf, A. D., Goldman, R. and Bellinger, D. C (2007). Update on the clinical management of childhood lead poisoning. Pediatric clinics of North America, 54 (2): 271–94.
Ye, Z., Bake, A. J. M., Wong, M. H. and Willis, A. J. (2008). Zinc, lead and cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Typhalpatifoliaas affected by iron plaque on the root surface. Journal Aquatic Botany, 61: 1155-1167.
Yu, D. (2005). Effects of lead poisoning. Journal of science, 12:188.
Copyright (c) 2022 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
