SOLVENT-DEPENDENT ANTIBACTERIAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF Zingiber officinale RHIZOME FROM KAURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF SOUTHERN KADUNA, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1005-4980Keywords:
Zingiber officinale, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, phytochemicals, DPPH assayAbstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and oxidative stress–related disorders has stimulated interest in medicinal plants as sources of bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the antibacterial, phytochemical, and antioxidant activities of Zingiber officinale rhizome extracts obtained from Kaura Local Government Area of Southern Kaduna, Nigeria. Powdered rhizomes were extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol by cold maceration. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined using the agar well diffusion method, while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated using broth dilution assays. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity were assessed using standard qualitative methods, total phenolic and flavonoid content determination, and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The methanol extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, producing inhibition zones of 13.00–18.00 mm at 50 mg/mL, with S. aureus showing the highest susceptibility (MIC = 12.5 mg/mL). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, and saponins. The methanol extract showed the highest total phenolic content (1907.67 mg GAE/100 g), whereas the ethyl acetate extract had the highest flavonoid content (207.33 mg QE/100 g). Antioxidant evaluation demonstrated concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity, with the methanol extract exhibiting the strongest activity (IC₅₀ = 30.12 µg/mL). These results highlight the potential of Z. officinale from Southern Kaduna as a natural source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Isah A. Jaafaru, Shuaibu B. Sanusi, Nura Mohammed, Aisha Usman, Shitu M. Lawal, Ahmad Muhammad
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