IMPACT OF DUST PARTICLES ON AIR QUALITY AND ASSOCIATED HUMAN HEALTH IN ILORIN NIGERIA
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the impact of desert dust on human health, there is need to constantly monitor and examined the dust related phenomena. Therefore, twenty 20 year’s (1998–2018) data of visibility for Ilorin Nigeria were used to estimate the concentrations of the Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and Particulate Matter PM10 as usually used to monitor air quality on international level. The results established the threshold for daily concentration of TSP (254) and PM10 (186) μgm−3 at the study sites. It also identified months (November-March) of the following year with the greatest number of days having low air quality (high concentration of TSP and PM10). These months are responsible for 47% of the annual air pollution and number of days above the US EPA-NAAQSTSP, US EPA-NAAQS PM10 as well as the 24-hour EU-LVAQ regulations, respectively. Furthermore, some considerable numbers of days were found to experienced hazardous atmospheric condition for the total number of days, Harmattan and summer respectively. The concentrations of PM10 (0-54 μgm−3) showed absence of good air quality throughout the period of study. Even though, there were significant number of days associated with moderate air quality most of which occurs during summer. Consequence of which can lead to increased respiratory symptoms and aggravation of lung diseases. It was also observed that, the concentrations of TSP and PM10 start of build up in the atmosphere by October, reaching peak in December and January before it decline by April and remain low with almost uniform values until September.
References
Adeyefa, Z.D& Bjorn, H. (1995). Spectral solar irradiance before and during a Harmattan dust spell. Solar Energy, 57 (3) 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(97)80003-E
Balarabe, M.A. &Isah, N.M (2019). A Modified Linear Regression Model for predicting Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in Ilorin-Nigeria; FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 3 (1) 616-1370
Balarabe, M., Abdullah, K. &Nawawi M. (2016). Seasonal Variations of Aerosol Optical Properties and Identification of Different Aerosol Types Based on AERONETDataover Sub- Sahara West-Africa. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, (6)13-28. doi: 10.4236/acs.2016.61002.
Balarabe, M., Abdullah, K. and Nawawi M. (2015). Long-Term Trend and Seasonal Variability of Horizontal Visibilityin Nigerian Troposphere. Atmosphere, (6) 1462-1486.
Ben Mohamed, A., Frangi J.P. Fontan, J. &Druilhet, A. (1992). Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric turbidity and related parameters in Niger. Journal of Applied Meteorology, (3) 1286–1294.
Bertrand, J. (1976). Visibilitéet brume sèche en Afrique. La météorologie(6) 201-11.
Chen, Y.S., Sheen, P.C. Chen, E.R. Liu, Y.K. Wu, T.N. & Yang, C.Y. (2004). Effects of Asian dust storms events on daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan. Environmental Research, (95) 151–155.
Chung, Y.S., Kim, H.S. Dulam, J. & Harris, J. (2003a). On heavydustfall observed with explosive sandstorms in ChongwonChongju, Korea in 2002. Atmospheric Environment, (37) 3425–3433.
Chung, Y. S., Kim, H. S. Park, K. H. Jhun J. G. and Chen, S. J. (2003b). Atmospheric Loadings, Concentrations and visibility associated with sandstorms: Satellite and meteorological analysis. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, (3) 21–40
D’Almeida, G.A. (1986). A model for Saharan dust transport. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, (25) 903–916.
Draxler, R.R., Gillette, D.A. Kirkpatrick, J.S. & Heller, J. (2001). Estimating PM10 air concentrations drom dust storms in Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Atmospheric Environment, (35) 4315–4330.
Engelstaedter, S.,Kohfeld, K.E. Tegen, I. Harrison, S.P.(2003). Controls of dust emissions by vegetation and topographic depressions: An evaluation using dust storm frequency data. Geophys. Res. Lett,(30) 1294–1294.
Gillies,J.A., Nickling,W.G.McTainshG.H. (1996). Dust concentrations and particle-size characteristics of an intense dust haze event : inland delta region, Mali, West Africa. Atmos Environ,(30) 1081-90.
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J.M. Torres, O. & Chin, M. (2004). Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with theGOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation. Environmental Modelling & Software, (19) 113–128.
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J.M. Gill, T.E. Hsu, N.C. Zhao, M. (2012). Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS deep blue aerosol products. Rev. Geophys. (50) RG3005.
Goudie(2014). Desert dust and human health disorders. Environment International (63) 101–113
Gyan, K., Henry, W.,Lacaille, S.,Laloo, A.,Lamsee-Ebanks, C., McKay, S., Antoine, R.M.,Monteil, M.A. African dust clouds are associated with increased paediatric asthma accident and emergency admissions on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Int. J. Biometeorol. (49), 371–376.
Husar, R.B.,Husar, J.D. Martin, L. (2000). Distribution of continental surface aerosol extinction based on visual range data. Atmos. Environ, (34) 5067–5078.
Karimian, H., Li, Q. Li, C. Jin, L. Fan, J. Li, Y. (2016). An Improved Method for Monitoring Fine Particulate Matter Mass Concentrations via Satellite Remote Sensing. Aerosol and Air Quality Research,(16) 1081-1092.
Kellogg, C.A. Griffin,D.W.(2006) .Aerobiology and the global transport of desert dust. Trends Ecol,(21) 638–644
Li, C., Lau, A.K.H. Mao, J. Chu, A. (2005). Retrieval, Validation, and Application of the 1-km Aerosol Optical Depth FromMODIS Measurements Over Hong Kong. IEEE T.Geosci.Remote. 43.
N’TchayiMbourou, G., Bertrand, J. J. and Nicholson, S. E. (1997).The diurnal and seasonal cycles of wind-borne dust over Africa north of the equator. J. Appl. Meteorol, (36), 868 – 882, doi:10.1175/1520- 0450(1997)0362.0.CO;2
Oluwfemi, C.O. (1988). Particle size distribution, turbidity, and angular scattering in the Harmattan regime. Journal of Geophysical research atmosphere, 93 (D1) 687-690
Ozer P. (2002). Dust variability and land degradation in the Sahel. BELGEO,(2) 195-209.
Ozer, P. (2005). Estimation de la pollution particulairenaturelle de l’air en 2003 `a Niamey (Niger) `a partir de donn´ees de visibilit´ehorizontale. Environnement, Risques&Sante, (4), ´
–49.
Pierre, O., Mohamed, B. M. L.Sidi, M. L. Jean, G. (2006). Estimation of air quality degradation due to Saharan dust at Nouakchott, Mauritania, from horizontal visibility data. Water Air Soil Pollution, (178) 79–87
Prospero, J.M., Ginoux, P. Torres, O. Nicholson, S.E. &Gill, T.E. (2002). Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the NIMBUS 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product. Review of Geophysics, (40), 1002, doi: 10.1029/2000RG000095.
Tanaka, T.Y., Chiba, M. A. (2006).numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget. Glob. Planet. Chang. (52) 88–104.
Uduma, A.U. Jimoh, W.L.O.(2013). High incidence of Asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia and Sinusitis in Kano State, North West Nigeria during Saharan dust events. Am. J. Environ. Energy Power Res,(1) 174–185.
Washington, R., Todd, M. Middleton, N.J. &Goudie, A.S. (2003). Dust-storm source areas determined by the Total Ozone Monitoring Spectrometer (TOMS) and surface observations. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, (93) 299–315.
WiggsG.F.S., O’Hara,S.L.Wegerdt, J. Van der Meer, J. Small, I. Hubbard, R. (2003). The dynamics and characteristics of aeolian dust in dryland Central Asia : possible impacts on human exposure and respiratory health in the Aral Sea basin. Geogr J 2003 (169) 142-57.
Copyright (c) 2020 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
