INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITO VECTORS IN NIGERIA: A GEOSPATIAL REVIEW OF PUBLISHED EVIDENCE

Authors

  • Adedapo O. Adeogun
    Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
  • Ayodele S. Babalola
    Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
  • Taiwo P. Babatunde
    Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
  • Funmilola Janet Oyelude
    Lagos State University Distant Learning Centre
  • Jumoke Fawole
    Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
  • Adewale Adediran
    Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
  • Olalekan Olagundoye
    Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
  • Lateef Busari
    Osun State University
  • Oluwaseun Adegbola Adesoye
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
  • Monsuru A. Adeleke
    Osun State University
  • Olufunmilayo A. Idowu
    Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

Keywords:

Insecticide resistance, Resistance mechanism, Pyrethroids, GIS, Nigeria

Abstract

Insecticide resistance among mosquito vectors poses a significant threat to the sustainability of malaria control and other vector-borne disease elimination programs. This study systematically collated and analyzed published data on insecticide resistance monitoring in Nigeria from 2007 to 2025, covering 54 studies across 180 unique locations. Data were synthesized to examine temporal trends, geospatial distribution, and resistance mechanisms across mosquito genera and four major insecticide classes. The findings reveal widespread resistance across Nigeria, with pyrethroids—the cornerstone of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs)—being the most frequently tested and most resisted class. Pockets of susceptibility to pyrethroids were observed in limited areas of southern Nigeria (Lagos, Ondo, and Delta States). Resistance to carbamates, organochlorines, and organophosphates was also documented, though organophosphates were the least studied. Genus-specific analysis demonstrated that Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes mosquitoes all exhibited resistance, with Anopheles showing the broadest geographic spread. Mechanistic data highlighted a predominant role of metabolic resistance, often occurring alone or in combination with knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, although kdr mutations were particularly notable in Culex populations and in selected Anopheles populations in southwestern and northeastern regions. These findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen insecticide resistance surveillance and integrate resistance management strategies into malaria control programs in Nigeria. The widespread loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids highlights the importance of transitioning to next-generation vector control tools, diversifying insecticide use, and investing in novel interventions. Continuous monitoring and operational research are critical to inform evidence-based vector control policies and safeguard public health gains.

Dimensions

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Published

28-09-2025

How to Cite

INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITO VECTORS IN NIGERIA: A GEOSPATIAL REVIEW OF PUBLISHED EVIDENCE. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(10), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0910-3938

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 10 (2025): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 9 No. 10

Section

Review Articles
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2025 Adedapo O. Adeogun, Ayodele S. Babalola, Taiwo P. Babatunde, Funmilola Janet Oyelude, Jumoke Fawole, Adewale Adediran, Olalekan Olagundoye, Lateef Busari, Oluwaseun Adegbola Adesoye, Monsuru A. Adeleke, Olufunmilayo A. Idowu

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITO VECTORS IN NIGERIA: A GEOSPATIAL REVIEW OF PUBLISHED EVIDENCE. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(10), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0910-3938

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