REVIEW ON THE RECENT SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN FOODS AND BEVERAGES

Authors

  • Aminu Akilu
    Umaru Musa Yar'adua University
  • Abubakar Lawal
    Umaru Musa Yaradua University Katsina

Keywords:

Heavy metals, Food contamination, Sample preparation, Wet ashing, Dry ashing, QuEChERS, DLLME

Abstract

This review critically assesses conventional and emerging sample preparation techniques for analyzing toxic heavy metals in foods and beverages. It highlights limitations of traditional methods like wet and dry ashing such as time consumption, potential analyte loss, and high solvent use while introducing efficient alternatives QuEChERS and DLLME. Analysis of studies, particularly on Nigerian food staples, reveals that wet ashing offers superior metal recovery over dry ashing. Alarmingly, lead and cadmium levels often exceed WHO/FAO safety limits, indicating serious health risks. The emerging methods are presented as cost-effective, efficient, and greener alternatives that overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches. The findings emphasize the urgent need for robust monitoring programs and the adoption of advanced techniques to ensure food safety and protect public health. Future research should focus on validating these methods across diverse food matrices.

Dimensions

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Published

27-09-2025

How to Cite

REVIEW ON THE RECENT SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN FOODS AND BEVERAGES. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(9), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0909-3815

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 9 (2025): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 9 No. 9

Section

Review Articles
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2025 Aminu Akilu, Abubakar Lawal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

REVIEW ON THE RECENT SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN FOODS AND BEVERAGES. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(9), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0909-3815