NUTRITIVE AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SKINNED EDIBLE BULLFROG PYXICEPHALUS ADSPERSUS FOR AQUAFEED

Authors

  • Bolanle S. Bawa
  • J. Auta
  • L. O. Udeh
  • M. I. Galadima

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0806-2788

Keywords:

Anti-nutrients, Mineral content, Nutritional content, Pyxicephalus adspersus

Abstract

An investigation on proximate, mineral and anti-nutrition properties of Pyxicephalus adspersus was conducted with the view to evaluating its appropriateness as aquafeed source and food source. Standard analytical methods were used to determine proximate, minerals (macro and micro nutrients) and selected anti-nutrients. Pyxicephalus adspersus samples were purchased and treated to skinning and oven drying at 60oC. Triplicate samples were analysed. The proximate composition showed crude protein content of 34.29%, ash 8.18%, while dry matter, moisture, crude fibre, crude lipid, and NFE were 93.12%, 5.60%, 11.82%, 16.79% and 22.04%, respectively. Pyxicephalus adspersus was found to have values (mg/100g) of phosphorus 29.20, calcium 10.60, potassium 4.52, sodium 1.50, and magnesium 1.28. Anti-nutritional compositions (mg/100g) were 5.40, 2.68, 2.06, and 3.05 for tannin, oxalate, saponin and alkaloid, respectively. This result shows that Pyxicephalus adspersus could be used as protein source in meeting aquafeed standard without adverse effects. The crude protein (34.20%) content can be used to substitute the most expensive fishmeal in aquafeed and livestock. Also, the carbohydrate content of 22.04% suggests that it is a good source of energy.

References

Adekunle, V.A.J., Olagoke, A.O & Ogundare, L.F (2013): Timber exploitation rate in tropical rain forest ecosystem of southwest Nigeria and its implications on sustainable forest management. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 11(1), 123-136

Adeyemi. A.A & Moshood, F.O (2019): Development of regression model for predicting yield of Triplochiton scleroxylon (K. Schum) stand in Onigambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment 11(4), 88-99

Adeyemi, A.A & Ugo-Mbonu, N.A (2017): Tree Slenderness Coefficient and Crown Ratio model for Gmelina arborea (Roxb) stands in Afi Forest Reserve, Cross River State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment 13(1), 226-233

Akindele, S.O & LeMay, V.M. (2006): Development of tree volume equations for common timber species in the tropical rainforest area of Nigeria. Forestry Ecology and Management 226, 41-48

Aderounmu, A.F., Onilude, Q.A & Oladele, T.A. (2017): Diversity and growth characteristics of tree species in the botanical gardens, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Forests 4 (2), 27-34

Ariwaodo, J.O., Adeniji, K.A & Akinyemi, O.D (2012): The vascular flora in assemblage stream bank, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria premises, Ibadan, Nigeria. Annals of Biological Resources 3(4), 757-763

Ariyo, O.C., Usman, M.B., Emeghara, U.U & Ariyo, M.O (2021): Diameter at breast height: An index of tree volume estimation in block forest of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Forestry 42 (2), 110-119

Chave, J., Rejou-Mechain, M., Burquez, A., Chidumayo, E., Colgan, M.S., Delitti, W.B & Vielledent, G (2014): Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of Tropical Tree. Global Change Biology 20, 3177-3190

Chen, Q., Gong, P., Baldocchi, D & Tian, Y.Q (2007): Estimating basal areas and stem volume for individual trees from Lidar data. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 73(12, 135-1365

Etigale, E.B., Ajayi, S., Udofia, S.I. & Moses, M.U. (2014): Assessment of stand density and growth rate of three tree species in an arboretum within the University of Uyo, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment 6(1), 8-17.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2020). Forest inventory and management in Africa: Challenges and opportunities. FAO Forestry Paper No. 183.

Forrester, D.I (2019): Linking forest growth with stand structure: Tree size inequality, tree growth or resource partitioning and the asymmetry of competition. Forest Ecology and Management 447:137-157

Guuroh, R.T., Foli, E.G., Addo-Danso, S.D., Stanturf, J., Kleine, M & Burns, J (2021): Restoration of degraded forest Reserves in Ghana. Reforesta pp. 35-55

Husch, B., Beers, T.W & Kershaw Jr., J.A (2003): Forest Mensuration, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey, USA, Pp. 443.

Ige, P.O (2017): Relationship between the Slenderness Coefficient and tree or stand growth characteristics for Triplochiton scleroxylon (K. Schum) stands in Onigambari forest reserve, Nigeria. Journal of Forest Research and Management 14(2), 166-180

Ige, P.O & Adedapo, S.M (2021): Modelling diameter distributions of Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild.) Merr. Stands with Gamma and Weibull functions in Southwest, Nigeria. World Scientific News 160, 247-262Ige, P.O., Adesoye, P.O & Akinyemi, G.O (2019): Relationship between Tree slenderness Coefficient and Growth Characteristics of Gmelina arborea (roxb.) Stands in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Forest and Forest Products Journal 19, 62-67

Ige, P.O & Akinyemi, G.O (2016): Assessment of slenderness coefficient functions for Triplochiton scleroxylon (K. Schum) stands in Onigambari forest reserve, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Forestry 47 (2), 44-54

Mäkinen, J., Numminen, E., Nittyne, P., Luoto, M & Vanhatalo, J (2022). Relationships between basal area and tree volume in boreal forests: Implications for forest management and carbon sequestration. Forest Ecology and Management, 491, 119083.

Moore, J., Gardiner, B & Sellier, D (2018): Structure to function at multiple scales. Tree mechanics and wind loading. Plant biomechanics, pp79-106

Moshood, F.J., Ibrahim, T.M & Salami, K.D (2022): Stability assessment of tree species in the University of Ilorin permanent site. TUW Trends in Science and Technology Journal 7(1), 370-378

Nurudeen, T.A, Abiola, J.K., Salami, K.D., Erinle, W.A. and Olaniyi, W.A (2014). Regression model of tree volume prediction in stands of Tectona grandis (Linn) at Federal College of Forestry, Jericho, Ibadan, Oyo state Nigeria. Science Journal of Agricultural Research and Management, 2014 ISSN: 2276-8572

Oladoye, A.O., Ige, P.O., Baurwa, N., Quadri, Q.A & Animashaun, Z.T (2020): Slenderness coefficient model for tree species in Omo biosphere reserve, south-western Nigeria. Tropical plant Research 7(3), 609-618

Olaniyi, A.A., Olajuyigbe, S.O & Adegeye, A.O (2022): Vegetative propagation of Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. From stem cuttings. Vegetos 35(4), 978-984

Onilude, Q.A & Adesoye, P.O (2007) Relationship between tree slenderness coefficient and tree growth characteristics of Triplochiton scleroxylon stands in Ibadan metropolis. Obeche Journal 25 (2), 16-23

Onilude, Q.A & Osundun, S.O (2019): Evaluation of tree density and growth rate of Nauclea diderrichi (de Wild) and Terminalia ivorensis (A.Chev) in Oyo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Research and Technology 8(10), 108-112

Pretzsch, H., Block, J., Dieler, J., Dong, P.H., Kohnle, U., Nagel, J., Spellmann, H & Zingg, A (2010): Comparison between the productivity of pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce and European beech along an ecological gradient, Annals of Forest Science 67 (7), 712

Salami, K.D., Agbo-Adediran, O.A & Odewale, M.A (2020): Growth assessment of Nauclea diderrichii De Wild and Thur Merrill Plantation in Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. TUW Trends in Science and Technology Journal 5(1), 43-47

Sidiq, L.O., Segun, P.A & Ogbole, O.O (2018): Total phenolic content and Antioxidant of Nine medicinal plants used in Nigerian traditional medicine. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research 2 (9), 438-441

Sumida, A., Miyaura, T & Toril, H. (2013): Relationships of tree height and diameter at breast height revisted: analyses of stem growth using 20- year data of an even aged Chamaecyparis obtuse stand. Tree physiology 33(1), 106-118

Ugwu, J.A. and Ojo, M.O. (2015): Diversity and abundance of insects in the mulberry ecosystem

in Ibadan South-Western Nigeria. Research Journal of Forestry 9(2), 58-64.

Xu, Y., Li, C., Sun, Z., Jiang, L & Fang, J (2019): Tree height explains stand volume of closed canopy stands: Evidence from forest inventory data of China. Forest Ecology & Management 438:51-56

Zhang, Z., Zhong, Q., Niklas, K.J., Cai, L., Yang, Y & Cheng, D (2016): A predictive non-destructive model for the covariation of tree height, diameter and stem volume scaling relationships. Scientific Reports 6(1), 31008

Published

2024-12-05

How to Cite

Bawa, B. S., Auta, J., Udeh, L. O., & Galadima, M. I. (2024). NUTRITIVE AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SKINNED EDIBLE BULLFROG PYXICEPHALUS ADSPERSUS FOR AQUAFEED. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 8(6), 150 - 154. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0806-2788