PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM DATE PALM (Phoenix dactylifera) SEEDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0803-2567Keywords:
Carbonised, Surface area, Low-cost, AdsorbentAbstract
In this study, agricultural waste (date seeds) were used to produce activated carbon in an oxygenated environment. The produced activated carbon was characterised. The HRSEM showed mesoporous structural morphology, which exhibited a surface area of 54.53 m2/g, pore size of 10.34 nm and pore volume of 0.1256 cc/g. The EDX spectrum revealed the presence of C and O as the major elemental compositions in the activated carbon. The FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of OH-, C=C, C=O and C-H at absorption bands of 3400, 2900, 1650, and 1300 cm-1, respectively. The diffractogram of the activated carbon revealed graphitic carbon 2 peaks of 22o and 43o which are related to (002) and (100) plane, respectively. The conversion of agricultural waste to activated carbon possessing these unique properties could serve as a promising and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of toxic pollutants from industrial wastewater.
References
Adeyinka, G. C and Moodley, Brenda (2019). Effect of aqueous concentration of humic acid on the sorption of polychlorinated biphenyls onto particle grain sizes. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19: 1543 – 1553.
Akpomie, K. G., Dawodu, F. A and Adebowale, K. O (2015). Mechanism on the sorption of heavy metals from binary-solution by a low-cost montmorillonite and it’s desorption potential. Alex. Eng J, 54(3): 757 – 767.
Ameh, P. O., Ushe, M. U., James, F and Usman, U (2016). Removal of Ni (II) and Pb (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto Vitex simplicifolia nut activated carbon. Journal of Applied Chemical Science International 6(2): 85 – 90.
Arshadi, M., Amiri, M. J and Mousavi, S (2014). Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic investigations of Ni (II), Cd (II), Cu(II) and Co(II) adsorption on barley straw ash, Water Resources and Industry, 6: 1 – 17.
Ekere, N. R., Agwogie, A. B and Ihedioha, J. N (2018). Removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using Pentaclethra macrophylla stem activated carbon. Pak. J. Anal. Environ. Chem, 19(2): 195 – 204.
Ekere, N. R., Agwogie, B. A and Ihedioha, J. N (2015). Studies of biosorption of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ from aqueous solution using Adansonia digitata root powders. Int. J. Phytoremediation, 18: 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2015.1058329
Horsfall, M; Ekpete, OA and Spiff, AI (2011). Fixed bed adsorption of chlorophenol on fluted pumpkin and commercial activated carbon. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(11): 1149 – 1155.
Moghadamtousi S, Fadaeinasab M, Nikzad S, Mohan G, Ali H, Kadir H. (2015) Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities, Int. J Mol Sci.; 16:15625 – 15658.
Okhale, SE; Akpan, E; Fatokun, OT;Esievo, KB and Kunle, OF (2016). Annona senegalensis Persoon (Annonaceae): A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, biological activities and phytocompounds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemitry, 5(2): 211 – 219.
Oluwasola, H. O., Asegbeloyin, J. N.,Ochonogor, A. E., Ani, J. U., Ibeji, C. U and Oyeka, E. E (2019). Cadmium and lead adsorption capacities of Nigerian ultisol soil of tropics. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 35(3): 1004 – 1012.
Rahman, M. S and Sathasivam, K. V (2015). Heavy metal adsorption onto Kappaphycus sp from aqueous solutions: The use of error functions for validation of isotherm and kinetics models. BioMedical Research International, https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/126298.
Syed, B, Prasad, N. M. N and Satish, S (2016). Endogenic mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles bearing bacteriacidal activity. Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure. 4: 162 – 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmau.2016.01.004
Umeh, T. C., Nduka, J. K and Akpomie, K. G (2021). Kinetics and isotherm modelling of Pb(II) and Cd(II) sequestration from polluted water onto ultisol obtained from Enugu, Nigeria. Applied Water Science, 11: 65.
Weber, W.J., and Morris, J.C., (1963). Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solutions. J. Sanit. Eng. Div. 89, 31 – 60.
Xu, L., Zheng, X., Cui, H., Zhu, Z., Liang, J and Zhu, J (2017). Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution by modified biomass ash. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2017.
Yusuff, A. S., Olateju, I. I and Ekanem, S. E (2017). Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by thermally treated quail eggshell. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10: 245 – 257.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
