INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF CASSIA FISTULA SYNTHESIZED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES AGAINST MOULDS OF GROUNDNUT
Abstract
Mold infestation in oil seeds like groundnuts results in significant quantitative and qualitative losses, typically managed with chemical treatments posing risks to humans, animals, and the environment. Prioritizing effective biological controls with presumed lower risks, this study explored selenium biosynthesized nanoparticles as antifungal agents against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. in groundnuts. Standard methods identified the spoilage molds, while Cassia fistula leaf extract facilitated the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles. Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles (CFSNPs) were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrometry, and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The stabilized CFSNPs exhibited a brownish color with a UV-visible absorption peak at 450 nm, indicating SeNP formation. TEM micrographs revealed spherical, cubic, rod, and irregularly shaped CFSNPs with clusters, while EDX spectra showed selenium (Se) as the predominant element (80.76% by weight). FTIR peaks at 4400, 3173.00, 2361.44, 1594.00, 1373.00, 1027.29, and 674.23 cm-1 confirmed characteristic vibrations. Antifungal assays demonstrated CFSNPs' efficacy, inhibiting fungal mycelial growth by 75.1% and 95.12% against A. flavus, and 71.5% and 86.25% against Penicillium species at concentrations of 0.75 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. In comparison, Cassia leaf extract exhibited lower inhibitory activity against A. flavus (20.8%, 35.6%) and Penicillium spp. (23.1%, 40.6%) at similar concentrations. The antifungal properties of CFSNPs suggest potential applications in preserving agro-produce, thereby extending the shelf life of oil seed crops.
References
Abdel- Sater, M.A., Abdel- Hafez, S.I.I., Nemmat, A.H. and A.L- Amer, E.A. (2017). Fungi associated with maize and sorghum grains and their potential for amylase and aflatoxin production. Egypt Journal of Botany. 57(1): 119-137.
Abe, C.A.L., Faria, C.B., Castro, F.F., Souza, S.R., Santos, F.C.,Silva, C.N., Tessmann, D.J. and Barbosa, I. P. (2020). Fungi isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) grains and production of associated enzyme activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 16(7): 15328-15346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160715328
Abirami, S., George, A. M., &Rajeshkumar, S. (2022). Efficacy of biosynthetically developed selenium nanoparticles using plant extracts of clove and cardamom. International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), 9799–6811. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.11552 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS5.11552
Alagesan, V., & Sujatha, V. (2019). Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticle Using Leaves Extract of Withaniasomnifera and Its Biological Applications and Photocatalytic Activities. BioNanoScience, 9(1), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-018-0566-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-018-0566-8
Amare, M. G. and Keller, N. P. (2014). Molecular mechanisms of Aspergillus flavus secondary metabolism and development. Fungal Genetics Biology, 66:11–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2014.02.008
Ashraf, H., Anjum, T., Riaz, S., Ahmad, I. S., Irudayaraj, J., Javed, S., ... & Naseem, S. (2021). Inhibition mechanism of green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles from Cassia fistula towards Fusarium oxysporum by boosting growth and defense response in tomatoes. Environmental Science: Nano, 8(6), 1729-1748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EN01281E
Célia, C. G., Silva, T. M. and Susana, C. (2018). Application of Bacteriocins and Protective Cultures in Dairy Food Preservation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(9): 594-597 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00594
Chein, S. H., Sadiq, M. B., Datta, A., & Anal, A. K. (2019). Prevalence and identification of Aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from peanut kernels in central Myanmar. Journal of Food Safety, 39(6), e12686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12686
Choudhary, O. P., & Choudhary, Ka, P. (2017). Scanning Electron Microscope: Advantages and Disadvantages in Imaging Components. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(5), 1877–1882. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.207
Chukwudi, U.P., Kutu, F.R., Mavengahama, S. (2022). Mycotoxins in Maize and Implications on Food Security: A Review. Agricultural reviews. 42(1): 42-49 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.R-140
Cui D., Yan C., Miao J., Zhang X., Chen J., Sun L., Meng L., Liang T., Li Q. Synthesis, characterization and antitumor properties of selenium nanoparticles coupling with ferulic acid. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2018;90:104–112. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.048. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.048
Danazumi, K., Sani, A. M., Usman, A. K., & Umar, A. U. (2024). Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles From Lannea Acida Via Aqueous And Methanolic Leaf Extract. Fudma Journal of Sciences, 8(1), 25-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2163
FSAI (2018). The Relevance for food safety of applications of nanotechnology in the food and feed industries. Edited by Food Safety Authority of Ireland Abbey Court, Dublin p. 82 48.
Copyright (c) 2024 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
