PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-244Keywords:
DPPH radical scavenging, Antioxidants, phytochemicals, Quantitative physical constants, F. sycomorusAbstract
Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further
References
Aleksandar M. Spasic, J.-P. H. (2005). Finely Dispersed Particles: Micro-, Nano-, and Atto-Engineering. CRC Press.
Apparatus for Mechanochemical Reactions. (2001). In Soft Mechanochemical Synthesis SE - 4 (pp. 59–68). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47646-0_4
Brus, L. (1986a). Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 90(12), 2555–2560. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a003
Brus, L. (1986b). Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 90, 2555–2560. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a003
C.Gente,M.Oehring, and R. B. (1993). Formation of thermodynamically unstable solid solutions in the Cu-Co system by mechanical alloying. Phys. Rev. B, 48(18), 244–253.
Chestnoy, N., Harris, T., & Hull, R. (1986). Luminescence and photophysics of CdS semiconductor clusters: the nature of the emitting electronic state. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 90(1984), 3393–3399. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100406a018
Chestnoy, N., Hull, R., & Brus, L. E. (1986). Higher Excited Electronic States in Clusters of Znse, Cdse, and Zns - Spin-Orbit, Vibronic, and Relaxation Phenomena. Journal of Chemical Physics, 85(1986), 2237–2242. https://doi.org/Article
Dai, Q., Duty, C. E., & Hu, M. Z. (2010). Semiconductor-nanocrystals-based white light-emitting diodes. Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany), 6(15), 1577–1588. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201000144
Delogu, F., & Cocco, G. (2005). Numerical simulations of structural modifications at a $mathrm{Ni}text{-}mathrm{Zr}$ sliding interface. Physical Review B, 72(1), 14124.
Delogu, F., & Cocco, G. (2006a). Crystallite size refinement in elemental species under mechanical processing conditions. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 422(1–2), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.032
Delogu, F., & Cocco, G. (2006b). Microstructural refinement of ceramic powders under mechanical processing conditions. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 420(1–2), 246–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.10.037
Eckert, J., Holzer, J. C., Krill, C. E., & Johnson, W. L. (1992). Structural and thermodynamic properties of nanocrystalline fcc metals prepared by mechanical attrition. Journal of Materials Research, 7(07), 1751–1761.
Eckert, J., Holzer, J. C., Krill, C. E., & Johnson, W. L. (1993). Mechanically driven alloying and grain size changes in nanocrystalline Feâ€Cu powders. Journal of Applied Physics, 73(6).
Hankare, P. P., Chate, P. a., Asabe, M. R., Delekar, S. D., Mulla, I. S., & Garadkar, K. M. (2006). Characterization of Cd1−x Zn x Se thin films deposited at low temperature by chemical route. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 17, 1055–1063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-006-9034-2
Hellstern, E., Fecht, H. J., Fu, Z., & Johnson, W. L. (1989). Structural and thermodynamic properties of heavily mechanically deformed Ru and AlRu. Journal of Applied Physics, 65(1).
Kang, H. S., Kim, J. W., Kim, J. H., Lee, S. Y., Li, Y., Lee, J.-S., … Jia, Q. X. (2006). Optical property and Stokes’ shift of Zn[sub 1−x]Cd[sub x]O thin films depending on Cd content. Journal of Applied Physics, 99(6), 066113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2186372
Koch, C. C. (1993). The synthesis and structure of nanocrystalline materials produced by mechanical attrition: A review. Nanostructured Materials, 2(2), 109–129. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-9773(93)90016-5
Landes, C. F., Braun, M., & El-Sayed, M. a. (2001). On the nanoparticle to molecular size transition: Fluorescence quenching studies. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105, 10554–10558. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0118726
P.Yu. Butyagin. (1989). Sov.Sci.Rev., 1(14).
Patra, S., & Pradhan, S. K. (2010). Microstructure and optical characterization of CdTe quantum dots synthesized in a record minimum time. Journal of Applied Physics, 108(8), 083515. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3498814
Pouryazdan, M., Schwen, D., Wang, D., Scherer, T., Hahn, H., Averback, R. S., & Bellon, P. (2012). Forced chemical mixing of immiscible Ag-Cu heterointerfaces using high-pressure torsion. Physical Review B, 86(14), 144302. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.144302
Remarks, C. (1991). Nonlinear Optical Properties of Nanometer-Sized Semiconductor Clusters, 20837(11), 133–139.
Soloviev, V., & Eichhöfer, A. (2000). Molecular limit of a bulk semiconductor: Size dependence of the “band gap†in CdSe cluster molecules. Journal of the American …, (16), 2673–2674.
Suryanarayana, C. (2001). Mechanical alloying and milling. Progress in Materials Science, 46(1–2), 1–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00010-9
Tan, G.-L., Wang, M., Wang, K., Zhang, L., & Yu, X.-F. (2011). Optical properties and ferromagnetism of ternary Cd1−x Mn x Te nanocrystals. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(11), 5799–5807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0188-8
Tan, G. (2003). Synthesis and optical characterization of CdTe nanocrystals prepared by ball milling process. Scripta Materialia, 48(10), 1469–1474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00079-4
Teunis, M. B., Dolai, S., & Sardar, R. (2014). E ff ects of Surface-Passivating Ligands and Ultrasmall CdSe Nanocrystal Size on the Delocalization of Exciton Con fi nement.
Wu, S., Chu, H., Xu, H., Wang, X., Yuan, N., Li, Y., … Schelly, Z. A. (2008). Oscillation of absorption bands of Zn 1− x Mn x S clusters: an experimental and theoretical study. Nanotechnology, 19(5), 55703.
Wu, S., Liu, H., Liu, H., Wu, Z., Du, Z., & Schelly, Z. a. (2007). Synthesis and bandgap variation of molecular-size CdSe clusters via electroporation of vesicles. Nanotechnology, 18, 485607. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/48/485607
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences