COMPARISON OF PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PEELS AND JUICES OF CITRUS SPECIES

Aiprakash R., Patil K.N., Chidambara M., Jayaprakasha K.G., Mahadev B.C., Bhimanagouda S.P. (2009). Citrus and their importance. J Agric Food Chem. 57:109-113.

Anagnostopoulou M.A., Kefalas P., Papageorgiou V.P., Assimopoulou A.N., Boskou D. (2006). Radical scavenging activity of various extracts and fractions of sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis). Food Chem. 94:19-25.

Bansode D.S. and Chavan M.D. (2012). Studies on antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Citrus fruit juices against selected enteric pathogens. Int Res J Pharm. 3(11): 122-126.

Benzie I. and Strain J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem. 239:70-76.

Boluda-Aguilar M., Garcia-Vidal L., Lopez-Gomez A. (2010). Mandarin peel wastes pretreatment with steam explosion for bioethanol production. Bioresour Technol. 101:3506-3513.

Divya P.J., Jamuna P., Jyothi L.A. (2016). Antioxidant properties of fresh and processed Citrus aurantium fruit. Cogent Food Agric. 2: 1184119.

Gao K., Henning S.M., Niu Y., Youssefian A.A., Seeram N.P., Xu A., Heber D. (2006) The citrus flavonoid naringenin stimulates DNA repair in prostate cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem. 17:89-95.

Harborne I.B. (1998). Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd ed: pp 49-188.

Hossain M.A. and Nagooru M.R. (2011). Biochemical profiling and total flavonoids contents of leaves crude extract of endemic medicinal plant Corydyline terminalis L. Kunth. Pharmacognosy Journal. 3 (24): 25–29.

John S., Monica S.J., Priyadarshini S., Sivaraj C., Arumugam P. (2017). Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Lemon (Citrus limonum L.) Peel. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 46(1): 115-118.

Kalara K.L., Grewal H.S., Kahlon S.S. (1989). Bioconversion of kinnow mandarin waste into single cell protein. MIRCEN Journal. 5:32-39.

Kumar K.A., Narayani N., Subanthini A., Jayakumar M. (2011). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of citrus fruit peel.-utilization of peels. IJEST. 3:0975-5462.

Kumar R., Vijay S., Khan N. (2013). Comparative Nutritional analysis and antioxidant activity of some fruit juices of some Citrus spp. Octa J Biosci. 1(1): 44-53.

Lee S.E., Hwang H.J., Ha J.S., Jeong H.S., Kim J.H. (2003). Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity. Life Sci. 73: 167-179.

Lin J., Opoku A.R., Geheeb-Keller M., Hutchings A.D., Terblanche S.E., Jäger A.K., van Staden J. (1999). Preliminary screening of some traditional zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 15;68(1-3):267-74.

Mahida Y. and Mohan J.S. (2006). Screening of Indian Plant Extracts for Antibacterial Activity. Pharm Bio. 44:627-631.

Mamma D., Kourtoglou E., Christakopolulos P. (2008). Fungal multienzyme production on industrial by-products of the citrus-processing industry. Bioresour Technol. 99:2373-2383.

Mathur A., Verma S., Purohit R., Gupta V., Prasad V.K., Mathur D., Singh S.K., Singh S. (2011) Evaluation of In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of peels and pulp of some Citrus species. Int J Biotechnol Biopharm. 2:2229-2278.

Najimu Nisha S., Anu Swedha A., Syed Nasar Rahaman J. (2013). Antibacterial activity of Citrus sinensis peel against enteric pathogens. Int J Pharm Res Bio-Sci. 2(5): 1-13.

Oikeh E.I.,Omoregie E.S., Oviasogie F.E. and Oriakhi K. (2016). Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of different citrus juice concentrates. Food Science & Nutrition. 4(1): 103–109.

Okwu D.E. and Morah F.N. (2007). Isolation and characterization of flavanone glycoside 4l, 5, 7 trihydroxy flavanone rhamnoglucose from Garcinia kola seed. J Appl Sci. 7 (2):306–309.

Okwu. D. E. (2008). Citrus fruits: A rich source of phytochemicals and their roles in human health. Int J Chem Sci. 6(2): 451-471.

Omidairo O.D. and Umekwe J.C. (2013). Evaluation of anti-inflamatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis peel and leaves. J Chem Pharm Res. 5 (5):56-66.

Peluso M. (2006). Flavonoids attenuate cardiovascular disease, inhibit phosphodiesterase, and modulate lipid homeostasis in adipose tissue and liver. Exp Biol Med. 231:1287-1299.

Perez C., Pauli M., Barzeque P. (1990). An Antibiotic assay by Agar well diffusion method. Acta Biol. Med. Exp. 15: 113-115.

Puri M., Kaur A., Kanwar J.R., Singh R.S. (2008). Immobilized enzymes for debittering citrus fruit juices, in: Busto, MD; Ortega, N (Eds.), Food Enzymes: application of new technologies, transworld research network.pp 91-103.

Puri M., Kaur A., Schwarz W.H., Singh S., Kennedy J.F. (2011). Molecular characterization and enzymatic hydrolysis of naringin extracted from kinnow peel waste. Int J Biol Macromol. 48:58-62.

Salih M. and Abass A.M. (2003). Study of the fruit peels of Citrus sinensis and Punica granatum. Journal of Babylon University. 3:243-342.

Sawalha S.M.S., Arraez-Roman D., Segura-Carretero A., Fernandez-Gutierrez A. (2009). Quantification of main phenolic compounds in sweet and bitter orange peel using CE-MS/MS. Food Chem. 116:567-574.

Sofowora A. (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa.2nd ed: pp 134-156.

Trease G.E. and Evans W.C. (1989). A textbook of pharmacognosy 13th ed: pp 345-356.

Velioglu Y.S., Mazza G., Goa L., Oomah B.D. (1998). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 46: 4113-4117.

VenkataMohan S., LeninBabu M., Venkateswar Reddy M., Mohankrishna G., Sarma P.N. (2009). Harnessing of biohydrogen by acidogenic fermentation of Citrus limetta peelings: Effect of extraction procedure and pretreatment of biocatalyst. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 34:6149-6156.

Yussuf K. (1991). Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies. International Journal of Pharmacognosy. 29:252–258.

Zverlov V.V., Hertel C., Bronnenmeier K., Hroch A., Kellermann J., Schwarz W.H. (2000). The thermostable alpha-L-rhamnosidase RamA of Clostridium stercorarium: biochemical characterization and primary structure of a bacterial alpha-L-rhamnoside hydrolase, a new type of inverting glycoside hydrolase. Mol Microbiol. 35:173-179.