SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER MORTALITY IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Keywords:
Distribution, trend, death, case fatalityAbstract
Typhoid fever has become a significant health problem causing an estimated 21.7 million cases per year and over 200,000 deaths annually. This study analysed typhoid fever mortality spatially and temporally in Kano State over the period of 10 years (2006-2015). Hospital records obtained from all General hospital (31) and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital were used. These facilities were purposively selected because of the availability of doctors and diagnostic laboratories. Coordinate of wards in the state were also generated and imported into Arc GIS environment. Variables used include age, sex, number of days spent on admission, condition on discharge and Typhoid fever mortality cases. Descriptive statistics (Tables) was used to show age and sex distribution of deaths while bar graphs were used to show case fatality. The results showed case fatality rate for the state is at 6% with Kunchi in the extreme north east having the highest case fatality rate greater than 10% and the lowest rates of 0-3% were observed around Doguwa Tudun Wada and Takai. Furthermore, results revealed that more females died of the disease than males with 6.3% and 5.6% respectively, while the monthly distribution of mortality in the state for all the years showed that it was high in months of March and December with over 6% and about 7% case fatality respectively. The study recommends frequent vaccination and hygienic eating and drinking habits as well as hygienic practices at home and outside home as remedies for addressing the problem.
References
Anwar, T., Kumam, P. and Watthayu, W. (2021). Unsteady MHD natural convection flow of Casson fluid incorporating thermal radiative flux and heat injection/suction mechanism under variable wall conditions. Scientific Reports, 11, 4275, 2021. doi:10.1038/541598-021- 83691-2
Bajwa, S., Ullah, S., Al-Johani A. S., Khan, I. and Andualem, M. (2022). Effects of MHD and porosity on Jeffery fluid flow with transpiration. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. doi:10.1155/2022/6063143.
Bird R. B., Armstrong R. C., Hassager O. (1987). Dynamics of polymeric liquids. Fluid Dynam, vol. 1. Wiley.
Goud, B. S. (2020). Heat generation/absorption influence on steady stretched permeable surface on MHD flow of a micropolar fluid through a porous medium in the presence of variable suction/injection. International Journal of Thermofluids, 7. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2020.100044
Han, S., Zheng, I. and Zhang, X. (2016). Slip effects on a generalized Burgers’ fluid flow between two ides walls with fractional derivatives. Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society, 24(1),130 – 137.
Jamil, M. (2016). Effects of slip on oscillating fractionalized Maxwell fluid.” Nonlinear Engineering, 5(1), 25 – 36.
Jeffreys H. (1929). The earth. 4th ed. London: Cambridge University Press.
Khan, A., Zaman, G., Ahmad, S. and Chuhan. M. I. (2017). Some exact solutions of generalized Jeffery fluid using N – Transforms. International Journal of Computational Mathematics, 7(4), 402.
Krishna, M. V. (2021). Hall and ion slip effects on radiative MHD rotating flow of Jeffreys fluid past an infinite vertical flat porous surface with ramped wall velocity and temperature. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 126. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105399
Krishna, M. V. (2022). Chemical reaction, heat absorption and Newtonian heating on MHD free convective Casson hybrid nanofluids past an infinite oscillating vertical porous plate. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 138. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106327
Noor, N. A. M., Shafie, S., and Admon, M. A. (2020). Unsteady MHD squeezing flow of Jeffrey fluid in a porous medium with thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction. Physica Scripta, 95(10), 105213.
Omokhuale, E. Usman, H. and Altine, M. M. (2016). Effect of Heat Absorption on Steady/Unsteady MHD Free Convection Heat and Mass Transfer Flow Past an Infinite Vertical Permeable Plate with Mass Absorption and Variable Suction. Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics, Volume 38 (Nov., 2016). 433 – 442.
Ramzan, M., Shafique, A. and Nazar, M. (2022). MHD flow of second grade fluid with heat absorption and chemical reaction. International Journal of theoretical and Applied Mathematics, 8(2), 30 – 39. doi:10.11648/j.ijtam.20220802.11.
Uwanta, I. J. and Omokhuale, E. (2014). Effects of Variable Thermal Conductivity on Heat and Mass Transfer with Jeffery Fluid. International Journal of Mathematical Achive, 5(3), 135 – 149.
Uwanta, I. J. Ahmad, S. K. and Omokhuale, E. (2014). Effect of Jeffery Fluid on Heat and Mass Transfer Past a Vertical Porous Plate with Soret and Variable Thermal Conductivity. Journal of Mathematics and Computational Science, 4(5), 915 – 939.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences