THE SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL LIFESTYLES OF THE ELDERLY IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Keywords:
Elderly; Social Activity; Recreational Activity; Lifestyle; Kwara-Nigeria
Abstract
Our world is rapidly ageing. A process which exposes individuals to increasing risk of illness and disability of which quality lifestyle is crucial for promoting desired well-being and longevity. Certain objectives were examined, which are to: assess the socio-demographic structure of respondents; determine the social and, recreational lifestyles of the respondents; and determine the common/regularity of participation in socio-recreational activities in the state. Primary and secondary data were used. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to sample 488 elderly respondents, from six of the 16 LGAs of Kwara State using copies of structured questionnaire. Thus, the result shows that majority of respondents (88%) are between ‘young old’ (60-74) age category. About 36% of respondents were with either primary, secondary or tertiary level education, while 30.1% had acquired only the quranic education. Praying and other religious activities are the major (41%) social activity engaged in, while 32.8% are engaged into farming and other commercial activities. Birthday events are the least attended function by respondents. Also, 38.5% see visitation to friends and relations as major recreational activity, while daily and weekly sporting exercises are engaged in by 40.5% and 42.9% of respondents respectively. The study recommends the establishment of modern and affordable recreational centers for the elderly in the state, encourage optimum utilization and overall enhancement of their health and wellbeing. Hence, appropriate policies and programmes to ensure their equal access to health care, basic social services and social safety nets to protect them from falling into poverty is essential and overdue.
References
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Lee, M.Y. and Mjelde-Mossey, L. (2004). Cultural Dissonance among Generations: A Solution-Focused Approach with East Asian Elders and their Families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30(4): 497-513.
Lefrancois, R., Leclerc, G. and Poulin, N. (1998). Predictors of Activity Involvement among Older Adults. Activities, Adaptation, & Aging, 22(4): 15-29.
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Mendes de Leon, C.F., Gold, D.T., Glass, T.A., Kaplan, L. and George, L.K. (2001). Disability as a Function of Social Networks and Support in Elderly African Americans and Whites: The Duke EPESE 1986-1992. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 56B, S179-S190.
Menec, V.H. (2003). The Relation Between everyday activities and Successful Ageing: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study. The Journal of Gerontology: Series B, 58(2): S74-S82. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.S74
Moen, P. and Dempster-McClain, D. (1989). Social integration and Longevity: An Event History Analysis of Women’s Roles and Resilience. American Sociological Review, 54: 635-647.
Monk, A. (1995). Volunteerism. In: G.L. Maddox (Ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Aging. Pp. 958-960. New York: Springer.
National Population Commission (2006). Population Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: Preliminary Report. United Nations Population Division (2006).
National Population Commission (2003). ‘The Elderly’. Nigeria Population Census 1991 Analysis, Vol. 3. National Population Commission Abuja - Nigeria December, 2003.
Okumagba, P.O. (2011). Family Support for the Elderly in Delta State of Nigeria. Stud Home Comm Sci, 5(1): 21-27. Kamla-Raj, 2011.
Okun, M. (1994). The Relation between Motives for Organizational Volunteering and Frequency of Volunteering by Elders. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 13: 115-126.
Peil, M. and Sada, P. (1985). Africa Urban Society. Chi Chester: Willey.
Raheem, U.A; Sheu, R.A and Segun-Agboola, B.T, (2009). Exploring the Social and Environmental Determinants of Child Health in Ilorin, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2(3): 73-82.
Rowe, J.W. and Kahn, R.L. (1997). Successful Aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4): 433-440. Doi: 10.1093/geront/37.4.433.
Shaw, B., Krause, N., Liang, J. and Bennett, J. (2007). Tracking Changes in Social Relations throughout Late Life. Journal of Gerontology, Social Sciences, 62B (2), S90-S99.
Singh, B. and Kiran, U.V. (2014). Recreational Activities for Senior Citizens. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(4): Ver. VII, PP 24-30. E-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org
Sugisawa, H., Liang, J. and Liu, X. (1994). Social Networks, Social Support, and Mortality among Older People in Japan. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 49: S3-S13.
United Nations (1991). Aging and Urbanization. New York.
Usman, B.A. (2014). Analysis of Condition of Rural Road Transport in Kwara State, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 10(5): 288-307.
World Bank (1994). Averting the Old Age Crisis. New York: Oxford University Press.
World Health Organization (2011). Global Health and Aging. National Institute of Health; Geneva.
Apt, N.A. and Greico, M. (1994). Urbanization, Caring for the elderly and the Changing African Family: The Challenge to Social Welfare and Social Policy. International Social Security Review. Geneva, pp. 111-122.
Asiyanbola, R.A. (2005). Elderly Family Care Situation, Daily Activities, Housing and Physical Wellbeing in Nigeria. Conference Paper Presentation at the International Union of the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSO/UIESP) XXV International Population Conference Tours, France, 18-23, 2005.
Baltes, P.B. and Baltes, M.M. (1990). Psychological Perspectives on Successful Aging: The Model of Selective Optimization with Compensation. In: P.B. Baltes & M.M. Baltes (Eds.), Longitudinal Research and the Study of Successful (optimal) Aging. (pp.1-49). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Berkman, L.F. and Syme, S.L. (1979). Social Networks, host Resistance, and Mortality: A Nine-Year Follow-Up Study of Alameda County Residents. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109(2): 186-204. [PubMed: 425958
Bowling, A. (2005). Aging Well: Quality of Life in Old Age. [Milton Keynes]: Open University Press. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageing).
Bukov, A., Maas, I. and Lampert, T. (2002). Social Participation in Very Old Age: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings from BASE. Journal of Gerontology: B: 57(6): 510-517. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.P510.
Chang, P., Wray, L. and Lin, Y. (2014). Social Relationships, Leisure Activity, and Health in Older Adults. Health Psychol., 33(6): 516-523. doi:10.1037/hea0000051.
Chen, Y. and Feeley, T.H. (2013). Social Support, Social Strain, Loneliness, and Well-Being among Older Adults: An Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2013:1-21. doi: 10.1177/0265407513488728.
Chow, N. (1996). Filial Piety in Asian Chinese Communities. Hong Kong Journal of Gerontology, 10: 115-117.
Cohen, S. (2004). Social Relationships and Health. American Psychologist, 59(8): 676-684. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676.
Federal Republic of Nigeria, Official Gazette (2009). Legal Notice on Publication of 2006 Census Final Results. Federal Government Printer, Abuja.
Ferreira, L.K., Meireles, J.F.F. and Ferreira, M.E.C. (2018). Evaluation of Lifestyle and Quality of Life in the Elderly: A Literature Review. Rev. Bras. Geriatr. Gerontol; Rio de Janeiro, 21(5): 616 - 627.
Glass, T.A., Mendes de Leon, C.F., Bassuk, S.S. and Berkman, L.F. (2006). Social Engagement and Depressive Health Symptoms in Late Life: Longitudinal Finding. Journal of Aging and Health, 18(4): 604-628.
Henning, G., Stenling, A., Allison, A.M. Bielak, Par Bjalkebring, Alan J. Gow, Kivi, M., Muniz-Terrera, G., Johansson, B. and Lindwall, M. (2020). Towards an active and Happy Retirement? Changes in Leisure Activity and Depressive Symptoms during the Retirement Transition. Journal of Aging & Mental Health, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1709156. https://www.tandfonline.com
Hsu, H. (2007). Does Social participation by the Elderly reduce Mortality and Cognitive Impairment? Aging Ment Health, 11: 699-707.
Lee, M.Y. and Mjelde-Mossey, L. (2004). Cultural Dissonance among Generations: A Solution-Focused Approach with East Asian Elders and their Families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30(4): 497-513.
Lefrancois, R., Leclerc, G. and Poulin, N. (1998). Predictors of Activity Involvement among Older Adults. Activities, Adaptation, & Aging, 22(4): 15-29.
Lehning, A. and Harmon, A. (2013). Livable Community Indicators for Sustainable Aging in Place. The MetLife Mature Market Institute. Stanford Centre on Longevity. (c) 2013 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. www.MatureMarketInstitute.Com
Longman (1995). Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
Mba, C.J. (2010). Population Ageing in Ghana: Research Gaps and the Way Forward. Journal of Aging Research, 2010; 2010: 672157. Published online 2010 September 29. doi: 10.4061/2010/672157PMCID: PMC3003962.
McFadden, S. (2005). Gerontology and the Psychology of Religion. In Park, C.L., Paloutzian, R.F. (2005) Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. New York: Guilford Press. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageing
Mendes de Leon, C.F., Glass, T.A. and Berkman, L.F. (2003). Social Engagement and Disability in a Community Population of Older Adults. The new Haven EPESE. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157: 633-642.
Mendes de Leon, C.F., Gold, D.T., Glass, T.A., Kaplan, L. and George, L.K. (2001). Disability as a Function of Social Networks and Support in Elderly African Americans and Whites: The Duke EPESE 1986-1992. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 56B, S179-S190.
Menec, V.H. (2003). The Relation Between everyday activities and Successful Ageing: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study. The Journal of Gerontology: Series B, 58(2): S74-S82. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.S74
Moen, P. and Dempster-McClain, D. (1989). Social integration and Longevity: An Event History Analysis of Women’s Roles and Resilience. American Sociological Review, 54: 635-647.
Monk, A. (1995). Volunteerism. In: G.L. Maddox (Ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Aging. Pp. 958-960. New York: Springer.
National Population Commission (2006). Population Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: Preliminary Report. United Nations Population Division (2006).
National Population Commission (2003). ‘The Elderly’. Nigeria Population Census 1991 Analysis, Vol. 3. National Population Commission Abuja - Nigeria December, 2003.
Okumagba, P.O. (2011). Family Support for the Elderly in Delta State of Nigeria. Stud Home Comm Sci, 5(1): 21-27. Kamla-Raj, 2011.
Okun, M. (1994). The Relation between Motives for Organizational Volunteering and Frequency of Volunteering by Elders. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 13: 115-126.
Peil, M. and Sada, P. (1985). Africa Urban Society. Chi Chester: Willey.
Raheem, U.A; Sheu, R.A and Segun-Agboola, B.T, (2009). Exploring the Social and Environmental Determinants of Child Health in Ilorin, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2(3): 73-82.
Rowe, J.W. and Kahn, R.L. (1997). Successful Aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4): 433-440. Doi: 10.1093/geront/37.4.433.
Shaw, B., Krause, N., Liang, J. and Bennett, J. (2007). Tracking Changes in Social Relations throughout Late Life. Journal of Gerontology, Social Sciences, 62B (2), S90-S99.
Singh, B. and Kiran, U.V. (2014). Recreational Activities for Senior Citizens. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(4): Ver. VII, PP 24-30. E-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org
Sugisawa, H., Liang, J. and Liu, X. (1994). Social Networks, Social Support, and Mortality among Older People in Japan. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 49: S3-S13.
United Nations (1991). Aging and Urbanization. New York.
Usman, B.A. (2014). Analysis of Condition of Rural Road Transport in Kwara State, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 10(5): 288-307.
World Bank (1994). Averting the Old Age Crisis. New York: Oxford University Press.
World Health Organization (2011). Global Health and Aging. National Institute of Health; Geneva.
Published
2020-07-01
How to Cite
OrireI. O. (2020). THE SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL LIFESTYLES OF THE ELDERLY IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(2), 67 - 75. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-131
Section
Research Articles
Copyright (c) 2020 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
