PRICE BASED TRAFFIC CONGESTION CONTROL IN THE UPCOMING 5G DEPLOYMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0504-842Keywords:
4G (Fourth Generation networks) and 5G (Fifth Generation networks), QoS (Quality of Service), blocking probability, High Priority Users (HPUs) and Low Priority Users (LPUs)Abstract
The demand for data in the 4G (Fourth Generation networks) and 5G (Fifth Generation networks) is becoming excessively high and the solution is being investigated to effectively utilize the available spectrum at the physical layer across different protocols to speed-up access from 2.5 to 10 times. Furthermore, the current proposals for 5G systems is envisaged to increase spectrum efficiency which brings about customer satisfaction, network density and operational efficiency, using newly 3.5 GHz NCC auctioned spectrum bands. The CPU processing power and cloud computing are expected to be the key driving factors in the evolution of wireless Network from 1G to 5G. These support wide range of new technologies like IoT, smart cities and Cyber and information Security as well as broadband penetration using entirely new Network architectural concept as a total transformation. This paper presents 5G network tariff implementation strategies and proposes a model of revenue generation which would enable a market mechanism that would allow the customer to communicate with the 5G Network and negotiate a contract based on some QoS (Quality of Service) parameters like blocking probabilities of High Priority Users (HPUs) and Low Priority Users (LPUs) , delay, and price. The percentage Improvement in Cumulative Revenue (CR) generated by the proposed model over the existing models is 10. Recommendations were made on the way forward for the optimum 5G tariffs in the Nigerian context
References
Adwan, G., Abu-Shanab, B. and Adwan, K. (2010). Antibacterial Activities of Some Plants Extracts Alone and in Combination with Different Antimicrobials Against Multi Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine3(4): 266-269.
Akinnibosun, F. I. and Edionwe, O. (2015). Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Potential of the Leaf Extracts of Bryophyllumpinnatum L. and Citrus aurantifolia Sw. and their Synergy. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage.19(4): 611-619.
Akinnibosun, H. A., Akinnibosun, F. I. and German, B. E. (2008). Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Peperomiapellucida (L.) H, B and K (Piperaceae) on three Gram-negative Bacterial Isolates. Science World Journal3(4): 33-36.
Alabi, D. A., Onibudol, M. Z. and Amusa, N. A. (2005). Chemicals and Nutritional Composition of Four Botanicals with Fungitoxic Properties. World J. of Agric. Sci.1: 84-85.
Ammara, H., Salma, R., Farah, D. and Shahid, M. (2009). Antimicrobial Activity of Some Plant Extracts Having Hepatoprotective Effects. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research3(1): 20-23.
Anjoo, K. and Anjay, K. S. (2009). Bryophyllumpinnatum (Lam.) Kurz: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. Phycog. Rev.3(6): 364-374.
Azuonwu, O., Azuonwu, T. C.andIbulubo, D. (2017). Antimicrobial Activity of Leave Extracts of Bryophyllumpinnatum and Aspiliaafricana on Pathogenic Wound Isolates Recovered from Patients Admitted in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research5(3): 185.
Cain, C. C., Lee, D., Waldo III, R. H., Henry, A. T., Casida, E. J., Wani, M.C., Wall, M. E., Oberlies, N. H. and Faikinham III, J. O. (2003). Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Produced by a Non-obligate Bacterial Predator. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy47(7): 2113-2117.
Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N. and Gupta, S. (2010). An Assessment of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Six Species of Edible Irish Seaweeds. International Food Research Journal17: 205-220.
Dawoud, M. E. A., Mawgoud, Y. A. and Gouda, T. M. (2013). Synergistic Interactions Between Plant Extracts, Some Antibiotics and/or their Impact Upon Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Isolates. African Journal of Biotechnology12(24): 3835-3846.
Etim, L. B., Obande, G. A., Aleruchi, C. and Bassey, V. E. (2016). Antibacterial Potential of Bryophyllumpinnatum Leaf Extracts on Bacteria Obtained from Infected Infant Respiratory Tract. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research10(6): 1-8.
Hussain, J., Ullahw, R., ur Redman, N., Khan, A. L., Muhammad, Z., Husain, F. U. and Answar, S. (2010). Endogenous Transitional Metal and Proximate Analysis of Selected Medicinal Plants from Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(3): 267-270.
Igoli, J. O., Ogaji, O. G., Tor-Anyin, A. T. and Igoli, N. P. (2005). Traditional Medicine Practice amongst the Igede People of Nigeria Part III. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines2(2): 134-152.
Ilondu, E. M., Ewharieme, D. A. and Ebohon, E. (2020). Inhibition of Some Phytopathogenic Fungi by Spear Grass Heterogoncontortus (L.) Buav Extract. International Journal of Microbiology and Mycology11(3): 1-6.
Imaobong, E. D., Ekemini, I. A. and Edidiong, C. U. (2020). Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllumpinnatum. Nepal Journal of Biotechnology8(1): 17-26.
Jindal, A., Kumar, P. and Jain, C. (2012). Antifungal Activity of Flavonoids of SidaacutaBurm. F. against Candida albicans.International Journal of Drug Development and Research4(3): 92-96.
Kayode, A. A.A. and Kayode, O. T. (2011). Some Medicinal Values of Telfariaoccidentalis: A Review. American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology1: 30-38.
Khan, P. R., Gali, P. R., Pathan, P., Gowthan, T. and Pasupuleti, S. (2012). In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus aurantifolia and its Phytochemical Screening. Live Sciences Feed1(2): 13-16.
Matchimuthu, K., Subbich, K., Mani, P., Mani, J. and Kuppuraj, R. (2008). Antimicrobial Potency and Synergistic Effect of Certain Plant Extracts against Food-Borne Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria. International Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences2(2): 88-93.
Obadoni, B. O. and Ochuko, P. O. (2002). Phytochemical Studies and Comparative Efficacy of the Crude Extracts of Some Homeostatic Plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences8(2): 203-208.
Ordonez, A. A., Gomez, J. D. and Vattuone, M. A. (2006). Antioxidant Activities of Sechiumedule (Jacq.) Swartz Extracts. Food Chemistry97(3): 452-458.
Owhe-Ureghe, U. B., Ogiehon, S. I. and Ewharieme, D. A. (2012). In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Yersinia species to Eight Plant Extracts and Three Natural Antimicrobial Agents. African Journal of Biotechnology11(42): 10008-10014.
Prescott, M. L., Harley, J. P. and Klen, D. A. (2008). General Microbiology (Seventh Edition). McGrawHill Publishing Company, New Delhi. 1850pp.
Supratman, U., Fujita, T., Akiyama, K., Hayashi, H., Murakami, A., Sakal, H., Koshimizu, K. and Ohigashi, H. (2001). Anti-tumor Promoting Activity of Bufaldenoides from Kalanchoepinnata and K. diagremontiana, X. tubilflora. Biosci..Biotech. Biochem65(4): 947-949.
World Health Organization (WHO) (1997). Resolution, Promotion and Development of Training and Research in Traditional Medicine. WHO Document30: 49-50.
Yahaya, M. M., Omar, G. P.andHafsat, B. B. (2015). Extraction, Phytochemical Screening and the Antimicrobial Activity of the methanol Extract of Bryophyllumpinnatum Leaves Against Candia albicans and Salmonella typhi.Journal of Applied Chemistry8(4): 4-6
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences