RIVER WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE
Keywords:
dry season, irrigation, rainy season, water quality
Abstract
Irrigation water quality refers to water suitability for agricultural purpose. Good water quality has the possibilities to allow maximum yield of crops under good soil and water administration practices. Ikose River water which they are using for irrigation purposes by the rural communities was evaluated for its quality. Water samples were collected in dry as well as rainy season into sterilized, labelled bottles and were transported in ice pack to laboratory for analyses. Results were pH range of 6.36-6.43, calcium (Ca2+) 23-25 mg/L, magnesium (Mg2+) 8-12 mg/L, potassium (K+) 2.40–2.50 mg/L, sodium (Na+)1.74-1.90 mg/L, bicarbonate (HC03-) 200-230 mg/L-, phosphate (PO3-P) 0.10-0.12 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) is within 0.06 mg/L, Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.04–0.42 mg/L, sulphate (SO42-) 24-25 mg/L, total dissolved (TDS) 28.70-30.20 mg/L for the dry season and the pH ranged from 7.01-7.03, (Ca2+) 45-48 mg/L, (Mg2+) 24-18 mg/L, (K+) 4.20–4.30 mg/L, (Na+) 2.12-2.14 mg/L, (HCO-3) 350-360 mg/L, (PO3-P) 0.19-0.20 mg/L, (EC) is within 0.11 mg/L, (NO3-N) 0.10-0.11 mg/L, (SO42-) 38.00-39.00 mg/L, (TDS) 54.50-54.60 mg/L for the rainy season. The samples analyzed were within the recommended standard limits set for irrigation water quality. The water quality indicators MAR, 29.4; SAR,0.08; SSP,3.78; KR,0.04; PS, 0.46; PI, 92.95; RSC,1.46; TH, 101.5 for dry season and MAR, 36.11; SAR, 0.06; SSP, 2.03; KR, 0.02; PS,0.28; PI, 54.94; RSC, 1.36; TH, 224.5 for rainy season were under safe limits.
References
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Al-Shammiri M. A., Al-Saffar Bohamad S. and Ahmed M. (2005): Waste Water Quality and Reuse In Irrigation in Kuwait Using Microfiltration Technology in Treatment Desalination; 185, 213- 225.
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Boateng, T. K., Opoku, F., Acquaah, S. O. and Akoto, O. (2016): Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Statistical Approach and Water Quality Index in Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Ghana. Environmental Earth Sciences 75, 489.
Chopra, S. L. and Kanwar, J. S. (1980): Analytical Agricultural Chemistry, Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi
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Morrison, G., Fatoki, O.S., Persson, L.and Ekberg, A. (2001). Assessment of the impact of point source pollution from the Keiskammahoek Sewage Treatment Plant on the Keiskamma River - pH, electrical conductivity, oxygen- demanding substance (COD) and nutrients. Water South Africa, 27, (4), 475-480
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Oster, J. D., Sposito, G. and Smith, C. J. (2016): Accounting for Potassium and Magnesium in Irrigation Water Quality Assessment. California Agriculture 70, 71–76.
Qadir, M., Sharma, B.R, Bruggeman, A., Choukr-Allah, R. and Karajeh, F. (2007).Non-conventional water resources and opportunities for water augmentation to achieve food security in water scarce countries. Agricultural Water Management 87 2-22
Rao, N. S., Subrahmanyam, A., Kumar, S. R., Srinivasulu, N., Rao, B. G. and Rao, P. S., (2021):
Geochemistry and quality of groundwater of Gummanmpadu sub-basin, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Earth Sciences. 67(5):1451-1471.
Roy, A., Keesari, T., Mohokar, H., Sinha, U. K., Bitra, S. (2018): Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Hard Rock Aquifer of Central Telangana state for Drinking and Agriculture Purposes. Applied Water Science. 8(124). DOI: 10.1007/ s13201-018-0761-3
Saidi, S., Bouri, S., Dhia, H. B., and Anselme, B. (2009): A GIS-based Susceptibility Indexing Method for Irrigation and Drinking Water Management Planning: Application to Chebba-Mellouleche aquifer, Tunisia. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 1683–1690.
Salifu, M., Aidoo, F., Saah, M. and Dickson, H. (2017): Evaluating the Suitability of Groundwater for Irrigational Purposes in Some Selected Districts of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Applied Water Science, 653–662
Status Report (2007): Status report on water quality of water bodies and groundwater in Maharastra for the year 2004-2005. Hydrology Project (SW), Water Resources Department, Government of Maharastra.
Stewart, B. A. and Nielsen, D. R. (1990): Irrigation of Agricultural Crops. American Society of Agronomy 1, 218.
Taiwo, A. M. (2016): Pollution Sources of Groundwater Quality in the Basement Rocks in Oyo State Nigeria Using Multivariate Statistics. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 25, 2284–2291.
Tay, C. K. (2007): Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water in the Akatsi and Ketu Districts of the Volta Region, Ghana. CSIR- Water Research Institute. Accra, Ghana. West Africa Journal of Applied Ecology 11, 1–23.
Tiri, A., Belkhiri L. and Mouni, L. (2018): Evaluation of Surface Water Quality for Drinking Purposes Using Fuzzy Inference System. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 6:235-244
Tomer, M. D. and Burkart, M. R. (1998): Long-Term Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use on Ground Water Nitrate in Two Small Watersheds, 2158–2171.
Tsado, P. A., Lawal, B. A., Eze, P. C., Afolabi, S. G., Saidu, O. I.,and Igwe, C. A. (2014). Assessment of the suitability of water quality for irrigation in Minna, Niger State. InternationalJournal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 1(2), 13–17.
USDA. (1954): ‘Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils.’ (U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.)
Vasanthavigar, M., Srinivasamoorthy K., Rajiv G. R., Vijayaragharan K, Sarma, V.S. (2010): Characterization and quality assessment of groundwater with special emphasis on irrigation utility: Thirumanimuttar sub-basin, Tamil Nadu, India Arab. Geosci J
Wick K., Heumesser C. and Schmid E. (2012): Groundwater Nitrate Contamination : Factors and Indicators. Journal of Environmental Management 1, 178–186.
Wilcox, L. V. (1955): Classification and Use of Irrigation Water. Agric circ 969, Washington, DC: USDA., 1–19.
Al-Isawi, R., Scholz, M., and Alfaraj., F. (2016). Assessment of Diesel-Contaminated Domestic Wastewater Treated by Constructed Wetlands for Irrigation of Chilies Grown in Green House. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. DOI 10.1007/s11356-0167706-x Alkhaisi
APHA (2005): “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” 21st ed. American Public Health Association Washington DC: USA Port City Press.
Al-Shammiri M. A., Al-Saffar Bohamad S. and Ahmed M. (2005): Waste Water Quality and Reuse In Irrigation in Kuwait Using Microfiltration Technology in Treatment Desalination; 185, 213- 225.
Al-Tabbal,J.A. and K.K. Al-Zboon, (2012): Suitability assessment of groundwater for irrigation and drinking purpose in the Northern region of Jordan. J. Environ.Sci.Technol.,5: 274- 290
Ayers, R. S. and Westcot, D. W. (1985): “Water Quality for Agriculture” FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 29, Rev. 1, U. N. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
Bauder T.A., Waskon R. M., Sutherland P. L. and Davis J. G. (2014): Irrigation Water Quality Criteria. Colorado State University Extension Services, Fact Sheet No. 0.506; 4
Bauder, T.A., Waskom, R.M., Sutherland, P. and Davis, J.D. (2011).Irrigation Water Quality Criteria Crop Series|Irrigation module. Fact Sheet No. 0.506. Colorado State University, Extension, USA
Boateng, T. K., Opoku, F., Acquaah, S. O. and Akoto, O. (2016): Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Statistical Approach and Water Quality Index in Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Ghana. Environmental Earth Sciences 75, 489.
Chopra, S. L. and Kanwar, J. S. (1980): Analytical Agricultural Chemistry, Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi
Cuena, R. H. (1989): Irrigation System Design Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ pp552
Dan’azumi, S. and Bichi, M.H. (2010). Industrial Pollution and Heavy Metals Profile of Challawa River in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, V (N): 56-62
Davis, J. R. and Koop, K. (2001). Current understanding of the eutrophication process in Australia. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Welling ford, Oxford shire;. ISBN 1-901502-51-1
Demetriades, A. (2011): Understanding Quality of Chemical Data from the Urban Environment. Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas. Chichester: WileyBlackwell; pp.77-98
Doneen, L. D. (1964): Notes on water quality in agriculture. Water science and engineering paper 4001. California: Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, University of California.
Falowo, O. O., Akindureni, Y. and Ojo, O. (2017): Irrigation and Drinking Water Quality Index Determination for Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Akoko Northwest and Northeast Areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering 3, 50–60.
FAO. (1985): Water quality guidelines for agriculture, surface irrigation and drainage. Vol. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization; 29 pp
FAO. (1989): Water Quality for Agriculture Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. FAO, Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29, Rome Abdalla KAMAL EL-DIN, 1990 Water Management in oases
Joshi, D. M., A. Kumar and N. Agrawal (2009): Assessment of the Irrigation Water Quality of River Ganga in Haridwar District, India. J. Chem, 2(2): 285-291.
Karanth, K.R. (1987): Groundwater Assessment Development and Management Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, pp 720.
Keeney, D., Olson, R. A. and Keeney, D. (2014): Sources of Nitrate to Ground Water. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 16, 37–41.
Kerala, P. D. (2014): Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Use in Shallow Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Use in Shallow Hard Rock Aquifer of Pudunagaram , Palakkad District Kerala.
Khodapanah L., Sulaiman W.N. and Khodapanah, D. N. (2009): Groundwater Quality Assessment for Different Purposes in Eshtehard District, Tehran, Iran. European Journal of Scientific Research 4, 543–553.
Khudair, B. H. (2013): Assessment of Water Quality Index and Water Suitability of the Tigris River for Drinking
Matthess, G. (1982): The Properties of Groundwater, John Wiley, New York Sensing, 10, pp1825-1814
Morari, F., Giardini, L., (2009). Municipal wastewater treatment with vertical flow constructed wetlands for irrigation reuse. Ecological Engineering. 35 (5), 643–653
Morrison, G., Fatoki, O.S., Persson, L.and Ekberg, A. (2001). Assessment of the impact of point source pollution from the Keiskammahoek Sewage Treatment Plant on the Keiskamma River - pH, electrical conductivity, oxygen- demanding substance (COD) and nutrients. Water South Africa, 27, (4), 475-480
Olaniyi, J. O. (2006): Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Seed Yield and Quality of Egusi Melon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf) in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria. Ph.D Thesis, University of Ibadan 57-155.
Oster, J. D., Sposito, G. and Smith, C. J. (2016): Accounting for Potassium and Magnesium in Irrigation Water Quality Assessment. California Agriculture 70, 71–76.
Qadir, M., Sharma, B.R, Bruggeman, A., Choukr-Allah, R. and Karajeh, F. (2007).Non-conventional water resources and opportunities for water augmentation to achieve food security in water scarce countries. Agricultural Water Management 87 2-22
Rao, N. S., Subrahmanyam, A., Kumar, S. R., Srinivasulu, N., Rao, B. G. and Rao, P. S., (2021):
Geochemistry and quality of groundwater of Gummanmpadu sub-basin, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Earth Sciences. 67(5):1451-1471.
Roy, A., Keesari, T., Mohokar, H., Sinha, U. K., Bitra, S. (2018): Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Hard Rock Aquifer of Central Telangana state for Drinking and Agriculture Purposes. Applied Water Science. 8(124). DOI: 10.1007/ s13201-018-0761-3
Saidi, S., Bouri, S., Dhia, H. B., and Anselme, B. (2009): A GIS-based Susceptibility Indexing Method for Irrigation and Drinking Water Management Planning: Application to Chebba-Mellouleche aquifer, Tunisia. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 1683–1690.
Salifu, M., Aidoo, F., Saah, M. and Dickson, H. (2017): Evaluating the Suitability of Groundwater for Irrigational Purposes in Some Selected Districts of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Applied Water Science, 653–662
Status Report (2007): Status report on water quality of water bodies and groundwater in Maharastra for the year 2004-2005. Hydrology Project (SW), Water Resources Department, Government of Maharastra.
Stewart, B. A. and Nielsen, D. R. (1990): Irrigation of Agricultural Crops. American Society of Agronomy 1, 218.
Taiwo, A. M. (2016): Pollution Sources of Groundwater Quality in the Basement Rocks in Oyo State Nigeria Using Multivariate Statistics. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 25, 2284–2291.
Tay, C. K. (2007): Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water in the Akatsi and Ketu Districts of the Volta Region, Ghana. CSIR- Water Research Institute. Accra, Ghana. West Africa Journal of Applied Ecology 11, 1–23.
Tiri, A., Belkhiri L. and Mouni, L. (2018): Evaluation of Surface Water Quality for Drinking Purposes Using Fuzzy Inference System. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 6:235-244
Tomer, M. D. and Burkart, M. R. (1998): Long-Term Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use on Ground Water Nitrate in Two Small Watersheds, 2158–2171.
Tsado, P. A., Lawal, B. A., Eze, P. C., Afolabi, S. G., Saidu, O. I.,and Igwe, C. A. (2014). Assessment of the suitability of water quality for irrigation in Minna, Niger State. InternationalJournal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 1(2), 13–17.
USDA. (1954): ‘Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils.’ (U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.)
Vasanthavigar, M., Srinivasamoorthy K., Rajiv G. R., Vijayaragharan K, Sarma, V.S. (2010): Characterization and quality assessment of groundwater with special emphasis on irrigation utility: Thirumanimuttar sub-basin, Tamil Nadu, India Arab. Geosci J
Wick K., Heumesser C. and Schmid E. (2012): Groundwater Nitrate Contamination : Factors and Indicators. Journal of Environmental Management 1, 178–186.
Wilcox, L. V. (1955): Classification and Use of Irrigation Water. Agric circ 969, Washington, DC: USDA., 1–19.
Published
2022-01-01
How to Cite
Adegbola, G. A., Soyewo , L. T., Odey , B. O., & Ajani , A. B. (2022). RIVER WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 5(3), 413 - 419. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0503-770
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Research Articles
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