GENOTYPIC VARIANCE AND SELECTION CRITERIA IN GROUNDNUT (ARACHISHYPOGAEAL.) BASED ON OIL QUALITY AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS
Abstract
Variability gives room for recombination which is important for any crop improvement program. Based on this contextual, this work was conducted to evaluate genetic variability among groundnut germplasm and establish relationships between oil quality and agronomic traits using multivariate analysis. To achieve this objective, fifteen groundnut genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on oil and yield quality traits. The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for number of pods and number of seeds per plant, carbohydrate and protein. Broad sense heritability estimates for agronomic and oil content traits ranged from 49.57% - 99.06% while the genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean estimates ranged from 17.73% -114.38%. The evaluated genotypes were clustered into four main groups based on oil and yield quality traits using UPGMA dendrogram. Hence, hybridization of group II with either group I, III or IV could be used to achieve higher vigor or heterosis among the genotypes. The number of pods per plant showed a significant correlation with pod weight per plant (r =0.79) and the number of seeds (0.99). However, most of the oil content traits recorded a non-significant negative correlation. It was concluded that number of pods, seeds per plant, and fat content might be the major agronomic and oil quality traits as selection criteria for improving groundnut genotypes. Also, this assessment could be used in development of reliable selection criteria for important agronomic traits in groundnut
References
Ali, M.A., Khan,I.A., Awan,S.I., Ali, S. andNiaz, S. (2008). Genetics of fibre quality in cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.). Austalian Journal of Crop Science, 2: 10-17.
Allard, R., W.(1960). Principles of plant breeding Hohn Wiley and Sons, New York.
AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 20th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
Asibou, J.Y., Akromah, R., Safo-kantanka, O., Adu-Dapaah, H., Ohemeng-Dapaah, S. and Agyeman, A. (2008). Chemical composition of groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) landraces. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(13): 2203-2208.
Atasie, V.N., Akinhanmi, T.F. and Ojiodu, C.C. (2009). Proximate analysis and physio-chemical properties of groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(2): 194-197.
Aurand, L.W., Wood, A.E. and Wells, M.R. (1987). Food composition and analysis. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. Pp. 20-23.
Bezaweletaw, K., Sripichitt, P., Wongyai, W., Hongtrakul, V. (2006). Genetic variation, heritability and path-analysis in Ethiopian finger millet [Eleusinecoracana(L.) Gaertn] landrace. Kasetsart, Journal of Natural Science; 40(22): 322-334.
Burton, G. W. (1952). Quantitative inheritance in grasses. 6th Proceedings, International Grassland Congress. Vol. 1, 277-283.
Fadlalla, H., A. (2002). Selection for drought tolerance in two random mating populations of Pearl millet (PennisetumglaucumL.) PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Falconer, D. S. (1981). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, Longman.
FAOSTAT, (2010). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, In: FAO Statistical Yearbook, Rome, Italy.
Ghazymona, M., F., Abo-Feteih S., S., M. (2012). Estimation of genetic parameters of yield and yield component in selected genotypes of forage of Pearl Millet. Journal of Agricultural Resources. Kafer El-Sheikh university. Vol 38, no 1.
Johnson, H., W., Robinson, H., E. and Comstock, R., E. (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Journal of Agronomy. 47, 314-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1955.00021962004700070009x.
Marwede, V., Schierholt, A., Moilers, C. and Becker, H., C. (2004). Genotype x Environment interactions and heritability of tocopherol contents in Canola. CropmScience; 44: 728-731.
Mishra, S., S., and Gopalan, A. (1992). Variation in oil and protein contents in groundnut germplasm. Groundnut News, 4: 2-3
Mugisha J, Lwasa, S, and Mausch, K. (2014). Value chain analysis and mapping for groundnuts in Uganda. Socio-economics Discussion Paper series number 14.
Mugisha, J., Diiro.G.M., Ekere, W., Langyintuo, A. and Mwangi, W. (2011). Characterization of Maize Producing Households in Nakas-ongola and Soroti Districts in Uganda. DTMA Country Report - Uganda. Nairobi: CIMMYT.
Okello,D.K., Okello,L.B., Tukamuhabwa, P., Odongo,T.L., Adriko, J. and Deom,C.M. (2014). Groundnut rosette diseases symptoms typesdistribution and management of diseases in Uganda. African Journal of Plant Science,8:153-163.
Pasupuleti, J., Nigam, S.N., Pandey, M.K., Nagesh, P. and Varshney, R.K. (2013). Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genome tools. Frontiers of Plant Science, 4: 23.
Ronner, E., and Giller,K.E. (2012). Background information on agronomy, farming systems and ongoing projects on grain legumes inUganda, www.N2Africa.org, 34 pp
Sarvamangala, C., Gowda, M.V.C. and Varshney, R.K. (2011). Identification of quantitative trait loci for protein content and oil quality for groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.). Journal of Field Crops Research, 122(1): 49-59.
Sharma, A. K., and Garg, D. (2002). Genetic variability in wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) crosses under different normal and saline environments. Annals of Agricultural Research, 23(3): 497-499.
Singh, R. K., and Chaudhary, B. D. (1985). Biometrical methods in quantitative analysis. Kalayani Publishers. New Delhi.
Singh, R. K. and Chaudhary,B. D. (1979).Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis, Kalyani Publishers,.
Subramanian, A., Nirmalakumari, A. and Veerabadhiran, P. (2010). Traits based selection of superior kodo Millet (Paspalumscrobiculatum L.) genotypes. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding; 1(4): 347-440.
Swamy Rao, T., Angadi, S.P. and Doshi, S.P. (1988). Variability and interrelationship among oil content, yield and yield components in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.)Journal of oilseed Research, 5: 16-21.
Usman, M. G.,Rafii, M. Y., Ismail, M. R.,Malek,M. A. andLatif, M. A.(2014).Heritability and genetic advance among chilli pepper genotypes for heat tolerance and morphophysiologicalcharacteristics.The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, pp. 4–15.
Vasic, N., Jockovic, D., Ivanovic, M. and Peternelli, L. (2001). Genetic analysis of quantitative traits in synthetic population 316PO2 of maize (Zea nays L.). Cereal Research Communication. 29(12): 77-84.
Wolf, D. P., Peternelli, L. A. and Hallauer, A. R. (2000). Estimation of genetic variance in and F2 Maize population. Journal of Heredity. 9195): 383-391
Copyright (c) 2021 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
