OPTIMIZATION OF COAGULATION EFFICACY OF BANANA STEM JUICE IN WATER TREATMENT
Abstract
This work investigates the optimization of coagulation efficacy of banana stem juice as plant natural coagulant in treatment of raw water. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the process using Design Expert Version 10. Factors considered were; coagulant dosage (mg/L), retention time (min), and pH with fifteen experimental runs generated using Box Behnken Design method. The parameters analysed were COD, DO, TSS, TDS and Turbidity. Jar test laboratory scale studies was performed and the result analysed statistically to study the effects of pH, retention time and coagulant dosage on coagulation. The coagulation efficacy was achieved at pH 6.5 with percentage removal of 58.065 % after 60 minutes retention time with dosage of 7.5mL/L. Firstly, before carrying these processes, the raw water sample was characterized to ascertain the initial concentration of the parameters before the jar test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the significance of the model and the variables. The model F-value was 12.06 which implies that the model is significant and that there is only a 0.68% chance that such a Model F-value could occur due to interference. Also, values of "Prob > F" were (0.0062) less than 0.0500 indicating that the model terms are significant. It could be concluded that Banana Stem Juice showed tremendous potential as a bio-coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pre-treatment stage prior to secondary treatment.
References
Agunwamba, J. C, Aho, M. I, Iorwua M. B, and Tiza, M. T. 2016. Response Surface Optimization of Treated Turbid Water Using Banana Stem Juice. International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field Issn – 2455-0620 Volume - 2, Issue - 8, Aug – 2016
Bezerra, M.A.; Santelli, R.E.; Oliveira, E.P.; Villar, L.S.; Escaleira, L.A. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta 2008, 76, 965–977.
Bhuptawat, H., Folkard, G.K., Chaudhari, S. (2007). Laboratory evaluation of a water-treatment sequence using Moringa oleifera seed coagulant. Int. J. Water 3(3): 299-315
Dharma S., Masjuki H.H., Ong H.C., Sebayang A.H., Silitonga A.S., Kusumo F., Mahlia T.M.I (2016). Optimization of biodiesel production process for mixed jatropha curcas ceiba pentandra biodiesel using response surface methodology. Energy conversion and management, volume 115, 178-190
Garde, W. K., Buchberger, S. G., Wendell, D., & Kupferle, M. J. (2017). Application of Moringa Oleifera seed extract to treat coffee fermentation wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 329, 102–109
Ghebremichael, K.A., Gunaratna, K.R., Hongbin, H., Brumer, H., Dalhammar, G., (2005). A simple purification and activity assay of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed. Water Res. 39(11): 23338-2344
Habsah Alwi, Juferi Idris, Mohibah Musa, and Ku Halim Ku Hamid (2013). A Preliminary Study of Banana Stem Juice as a Plant-Based Coagulant for Treatment of Spent Coolant Wastewater. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Journal of Chemistry Volume 2013, Article ID 165057, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/165057
Ingale, SP. and Gandhi, FP. 2016. Effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on pharmacological models of epilepsy and anxiety in mice. International Journal of Epilepsy. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijep.2016.02.001
Odili, U. C., Ibrahim, F. B., Shaibu-Imodagbe, E. M. and Atta, H. I. (2020). Optimization of Crude Oil Biodegradation of Fungi Isolated from Refinery Effluent Site using Response Surface Methodology. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, VOL 17, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2020.
Raymond, H. Myers, Douglas C. Montgomery, and Christine M. Anderson- Cook (2009). Response Surface Methodology: process and product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, Wiley; 3rd Edition.
Samuel Erhigare Onoji, Sunny E Iyuke, Anselm I. Igbafe and Michael O. Daramola (2016). Hevea brasiliensis (rubber seed) oil: modelling and optimization of extraction process parameters using response surface methodology and artificial neural network techniques, Biofuels, 10:6, 677-691, DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2017.13381222
Saulawa Badruddeen Sani (2010). Stabililty studies of Moringa Oleifera Seed Aqueous Extract for Use in Water Treatment in Rural Areas. Unpublished MSc thesis Submitted to the department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria-Nigeria
Tripathi, P.; Srivastava, V.C.; Kumar, A. Optimization of an azo dye batch adsorption parameters using Box-Behnken design.Desalination 2009, 249, 1273–1279.
American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods 2017
Copyright (c) 2021 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
