ENVIRONMENTAL AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BINARY AND TERNARY BLEND RATIOS OF BIODIESEL ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0503-674Keywords:
Jatropha oil, Neem oil, Diesel engine, Transesterification, Performance, EmissionAbstract
Despite the dependable attempts by researchers in the field of sustainable fuels, engines, and emissions, there is a research gap in the area of variations of biodiesel blend ratios with specific fuel consumption of a compression ignition engine as well as the brake thermal efficiency of engines. Therefore, this article has investigated how the blending ratio of biodiesel from jatropha, neem and cotton seeds oil mixed with petrol diesel affects the brake specific fuel consumption of a compression ignition engine and likewise the brake thermal efficiency of the binary and multi-blends of biodiesel with diesel. Three different biodiesel samples were blended with diesel; the biodiesel was achieved through an alkali transesterification reaction. The blending was done for each biodiesel with diesel alone, and that of mixed biodiesel blends with fossil diesel in a definite ratio. The blends were run on a stationary four-cylinder compression ignition engine with an exhaust analyzer to detect CO, NOx, and exhaust temperature ranges. It was recorded that, the combustion of the blends at an engine speed of 1500 rpm, between the Jatropha blend ratios 25 to 30 %, the brake specific fuel consumptions (bsfc) decrease further as against the initial trend shown at 1000 rpm. At 2000 rpm engine speed, the Neem, as well as the mixed biodiesel blends, show entirely different patterns. 25% Jatropha blend gives the best overall performance
References
Agyare C., Duah B.Y., Bekoe,E.P., Hensel, A,, Dapaah,S.O. and Appiah, T. (2016). Review: African medicinal plants with wound healing properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 177: 85–100.
Agyare, C., Kisseih, E., Kyere, I.Y. and Sampane, O.P.P. (2014). Medicinal plants used in wound care: Assessment of wound healing and antimicrobial properties of Zanthoxylum leprieurii. Biological Sciences and Pharceutical Research, 2(8):081-089.
Alam,G., Singh, M.P. Singh A. (2011). Wound healing potential of some medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 9(1):136-145
Ali, M., Diso, S.U., Minjibir, A.A., Sani, J.A., Nas, .FS., Yahya, A. (2017). Assessment of medicinal plants used in treatment of various ailments in Kano city Nigeria. Asian J. Biores. Technol. 2(4):1-11.
Ali, M., Imam, I.U., Abdallah, M.S. (2019). Antibacterial Activity of Leptadenia Hastata Leaves Extracts against Some Gastro-Intestinal Isolates. Archives in Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology. 1(3):1-5.
Aliero,A.A. and Wara, S.H. (2009). Validating the medicinal potential of Leptadenia hastata. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(6): 335-338.
Aliyu, A.B., Ibrahim,H., Musa, A.M., Ibrahim, M.A., Oyewale, A.O. and Amupitan, J.O. (2010). In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(16);2437-2441.
Bader, M. (2008). Diabetic foot infection. American Academy of Family Physicians, 78(1):71-79
Cassidy, A., Hanley, B., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (2000). Isoflavones, lignans and stilbenes-origins, metabolism and potential importance to human health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 80: 1044-1062.
Danbatta, S.H. and Aliyu, B.S. (2011). A survey of major ethno medicinal plants of Kano North, Nigeria, their knowledge and uses by traditional healers. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 4(2):28-35
Dholi, S.K., Raparla, R., Mankala, S.K., Nagappan, K. (2011). Invivo Antidiabetic evaluation of Neem leaf extract in alloxan induced rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 1 : 100-105
Edeoga, H.O., Okwu, D.E. and Mbaebie, B.O. (2005). Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4:685 – 688
Eloff, J.N. (1998). Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants? J Ethnopharmacol., 60(1):1-8
Haruna, A., Mann, A., Ogbadoyi, E.O. (2017). Phytochemical composition and antitrypanosomal activity of leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata(Pers) Decne. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 10(2):292-299.
Inngjerdingen, K., Inngjerdingen, K., Nergård, C.S., Diallo, D., Mounkoro, P.P. and Paulsen, B.S. (2004). An ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for wound healing in Dogonland, Mali. West Africa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92: 233–244.
Kang, N.J., Shin, S.H., Lee, H.J., Lee, K.W. (2011). Polyphenols as small molecular inhibitors of signaling cascades in carcinogenesis. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 130: 310-324.
Kankara, S.S., Ibrahim, M.H., Mustafa, M., Go, R. (2015). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for traditional maternal healthcare in Katsina state, Nigeria. S. Afr. J. Bot. 97: 165-175.
Kothari, V.,Gupta, A. and Naraniwal, M. (2012). Extraction methods for preparation of bioactive plants extract; a comparative study. LAP LAMBERT academic publication.
Kumar, A.S. (2016). Medicinal plants: Future source of new drugs. International Journal of Herbal Medicine. 4(4): 59-64.
Lakshmi, S.S., Chelladurai, G. and Suresh, B. (2016). In vitro studies on medicinal plants used against bacterial diabetic foot ulcer (BDFU) and urinary tract infected (UTI) causing pathogens. J Parasit Dis. 40(3):667–673.
Lar, P.M., Ojile, E.E., Dashe, E. and Oluama, J.N. (2011). Antibacterial activity of Moringa olefera seed extracts on some gram negative bacteria isolates. African Journal of Natural sciences. 14: 57-52.
Mann, A., Yahya Y., Banson A. and Ajayi G.O. (2008). Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of Anogeissus leiocarpus against some microorganisms associated with infectious wound. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2:060-062.
Negbenebor, H.E., Shehu, K., Mukhtar, M.F., Oiza, A.Z., Nura, S. and Fagwalawa, L.D. (2017). Ethno Botanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by Hausa People in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Kano Metropolis, Northern Nigeria. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 18(2):1-10.
Nuhu, A.A. And Odinaka, U.F. (2012). Phtochemical creanng and antimcrobal activity of Sacocephalus pobeguini L. Africican Journal of Pharmaceutical research and development, 9(1):86-92
Nyamai, D.W., Arika, W., Ogola, P.E., Njagi, E.N.M, Ngugi, M.P. (2016). Medicinally Important Phytochemicals: An Untapped Research Avenue. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry 4(1):35-46.
Nyamai, D.W., Mawia, A.M., Wambua, F.K., Njoroge, A. and Matheri, F. (2015). Phytochemical Profile of Prunus africanaStem Bark from Kenya. Journal of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products. 2015; 1: 110.
Oguntibeju, O.O. (2019). Medicinal plants and their effects on diabetic wound healing, Veterinary World, 12(5): 653-663.
Oludare, O.T., Olufunke, A., Desoji,C.A. and Joshua, A. (2016). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of crude ethyl acetate extracts of Anisopus mannii on some selected clinically important microorganisms. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research. 7(5):231-139.
Olusola, A., Olutayo O., Michael A. and Adepoju A.J. (2012). Antimicrobial activity and Elemental analysis of Cassia siberiana leaves Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer . J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour.2 (1):9-18.
Osibemhe, M., Lawal, N., Umar, D., Omaji, G.O. and Jibiya, S.A. (2017). Effect of aqueous extract of Anisopus manni stem in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Science World Journal 12(3):7-8.
Rao, N., and Lipsky, B.A. (2007). Optimising antimicrobial therapy in diabetic foot infections. Drugs. 67:195-214.
Ros,E. (2000). Intestinal absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol. Dietary and pharmacological inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 151: 357-379.
Roy, P., Abdulsalam, F.I., Pandey, D.K., Bhattacharjee, A. , Reddy, N.E. and Malik, T. (2015). Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential of two traditional medicinal plants of India: Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita. Pharmacognosy Research. 7(1):S57-S62.
Sani, D., Sanni, S. and Ngulde, S.I. (2009). Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the stem aqueous extract of Anisopus mannii. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 3(3):112-115.
Sani, S.B., Aliyu, B.S., Haruna, M., Yahya, S.M., Mardiyya, A.Y., Ajingi, Y.S., Wada, L.H. and Abba, H. (2019). Local plants and diabetes management: folkloric practices in metropolitan Kano, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 12(1):268-273.
Shinkafi, T.S, Bello L, Hassan, S.W, Ali, S. (2015). An ethnobotanical survey of antidiabetic plants used by Hausa-Fulani tribes in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria. J. Ethnopharmacol. 172(22), 91-99.
Suresh, A., Muthu,G., Suresh, G., Premnath, R., Gopinath, P., Moses, A. and Ramesh, S. (2012). Screening of antibacterial properties of indian medicinal plants against multi drug resistant diabetic foot ulcer isolates. International Journal of Phytopharmacology. 3(2): 139-146.
Swargiary, A. (2017):Recent trends in traditionally used medicinal plants and drug discovery. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 3(4):
Taylor, L. N.D. (2000). Plant Based Drugs and Medicines, Rain Tree Nutrition
Thomas, S.D. (2012). Leptadenia hastata: A Review of its Traditional uses and its Pharmacological Activity. Medicinal chemistry. 2(7):148-150.
Umaru, I.J., Badruddin,F.A., Assim, Z.B.and Umaru, H.A. (2018). Antimicrobial properties of leptadenia hastata (pers) decne leaves extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 10(2):149-152.
Varma N. (2016). Phytoconstituents and Their Mode of Extractions: An Overview. Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, 4(2):8-15.
Yusha’u, M. (2011). Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts against some urinary tract isolates. Best journal. 8(2):83-86.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences