PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF WATERMELON JUICE AND MILK SOLUTION ON DE-ADHESION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND HATCHING RATE OF EGGS AND SURVIVAL OF FRY OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS
Abstract
Sticky layer of Clarias gariepinus eggs cause the clumping of eggs immediately after fertilization, this create low oxygen, and increase pathogenic infection, thereby reducing fertilization and hatching rate hence reduces in mass production of C. gariepinus seed. Although various substances are use in the removal of the sticky layer, no information is available about the use of watermelon. Therefore, the present study, aim in exploring the potential of using watermelon in removing the sticky layer of C. gariepinus to enhance production. Fertilized eggs were treated with watermelon juice (T1) for comparison with 14 g L-1 milk solution (T2 as de-adhesion reference) and water as control (T0 as adhesion reference). The treatments were agitated with aeration for 30 minutes, rinsed with water, and poured on respective netted hatching trough, with water recirculation for incubation at 27 0C for 24 h period. Except for T0, no clumping of eggs was observed in the remaining groups. Slight variation in attaining a developmental stage among eggs was observed in eggs treated with watermelon. Hatching and survival rate in T2 are higher than T1 and T0 (P<0.05). However, watermelon indicated the potential, as it removed the sticky layer while maintaining hatching and survival rate as in the control (T0) (P>0.05), more should be explored before adoption of watermelon for de-adhesion and incubation of C. gariepinus eggs.
References
Adogbeji, E. P., & Francis, O. (2015). Use of pineapple juice in the elimination of egg stickiness in use of pineapple juice in the elimination of egg stickiness in mudfish ( Heterobranchus bidorsalis ). G.JB.B, 3(2), 43–46.
Alafiatayo, A. A., Lai, K., Syahida, A., Mahmood, M., & Shaharuddin, N. A. (2019). Phytochemical Evaluation, Embryotoxicity, andTeratogenic Effects of Curcuma longa Extract on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). Hindawi, 2019, 1–10.
Ashok, P. K., & Upadhyaya, K. (2012). Tannins are Astringent. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(3), 45–50.
Bansal, T., Jaggi, M., Khar, R. K., & Talegaonkar, S. (2009). Emerging Significance of Flavonoids as P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in Cancer Chemotherapy. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci, 12(1), 46–78.
de Graaf, G.J., Galemoni, F. and Banzoussi, B., 1995. The artificial reproduction and fingerling production of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) in protected and unprotected ponds. Aquaculture Research 26: 233-242.
de Graaf, G.; Janssen, H. Artificial reproduction and pond rearing of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus in sub-Saharan Africa - A handbook FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 362. Rome, FAO. 1996. 73p.
FAO. (1987). Seed Production (No. PROJECT RAF/82/009). Retrieved from www.fao.org/3/ac182e/AC182E00.htm#TOC
Johnson, J. ., Iwang, E. U., Hemen, J. T., M.O, O., E.E, E., & Eteng, O. . (2014). Evaluation of anti-nutrient contents of watermelon Citrullus lanatus. Annals of Biological Research, 3(11), 5145–5150.
Kiersnowska, M., Mroczek, A., & Janiszowska, W. (2011). Triterpenoid saponins affect the function of P-glycoprotein and reduce the survival of the free-living stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Veterinary Parasitology, 179, 144–151. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.053
Kitagawa, S. (2006). Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenols on P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Transport. Biol. Pharm. Bull, 29(January), 1–6.
Kitagawa, S., Nabekura, T., & Nakamura, Y. (2007). Inhibition of P-glycoprotein function by tannic acid and pentagalloylglucose. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 59, 965–969. http://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.59.7.0008
Lei, Y., Tan, J., Wink, M., Ma, Y., Li, N., & Su, G. (2013). An isoquinoline alkaloid from the Chinese herbal plant Corydalis yanhusuo W . T . Wang inhibits P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associate protein 1. Food Chemistry, 136, 1117–1121. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.059
Lesjak, M. (2019). Role of Dietary Flavonoids in Iron Homeostasis. Pharmaceuticals Review, 12(119), 1–21.
Li, Y., Fan, L., Sun, Y., Miao, X., Zhang, F., Meng, J., & Han, J. (2014). Paris saponin VII from trillium tschonoskii reverses multidrug resistance of adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 / ADR cells via P-glycoprotein inhibition and apoptosis augmentation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1–7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.049
Ljubobratović, U., Csengeri, I., Kucska, B., Balogh, E., & Lengyel, S. (2017). Comparison of the Procedures for Adhesiveness Removal in Pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca ) Eggs with Special Emphasis on the Effect of Tannic Acid. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 469, 461–469. http://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17
Maulidiyah, V., Sulmartiwi, L., & Masithah, E. D. (2019). The effect of immersion time in tannin solution towards the adhesiveness and hatching degree of the eggs of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). AACL Bioflux, 12(4), 1227–1233.
Muchlisin, Z. A., Mastura, S., Asraf, A., Fadli, N., Hendri, A., & Siti-azizah, M. N. (2014). A preliminary study to evaluate the effects of powder milk solution on the eggs adhesiveness and fertilization rates of African catfish , Clarias gariepinus, 7(1), 15–19.
Pietro, A. Di, Dumontet, C., & Barron, D. (2002). Recent Advances in the Discovery of Flavonoids and Analogs with High-A ℠nity Binding to P-Glycoprotein Responsible for Cancer Cell Multidrug Resistance. Medicinal Research Reviews, 22(5), 512–529. http://doi.org/10.1002/med.10015
Pooley, C., Berwick, M., & Leaniz, C. G. De. (2019). Chemical degumming increases larvae size and facilitates the commercial production of Lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus ) eggs. bioRviv, 1 – 22. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1101/583641
Riehl, R., Patzner, R. A. (1998). Minireview : The modes of egg attachment in teleost fishes. Italian Journal of Zoology ISSN:, 0003(65), 415–420. http://doi.org/10.1080/11250009809386857
Ringle, J. P., Nickum, J. G., Moore, A., Ringle, J. P., Nickum, J. G., & Moore, A. (1992). Chemical Separation of Channel Catfish Egg Masses. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 80(March 2015), 54–73. http://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054
Sule, O. D., & Adikwu, I. (2004). Embryonic development in clarias gariepinus ( buchell , 1822 ) under laboratory conditions. Animal Research International, 1(2), 81–85.
Thai, B. T., & Ngo, T. G. (2004). Use of Pineapple Juice for Elimination of Egg Stickiness of Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L .). Asian Fisheries Science, 17, 159–162.
Tropes, J. E., Molyneux, R. J., Kaushal, G. P., Pan, Y. T., Mitchell, M., & Elbein, A. D. (1989). Australine , a Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid That Inhibits Amyloglucosidase and Glycoprotein Processing. Biochemistry, 28, 2027–2034.
Copyright (c) 2021 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
