CASSON FLUID OF A STAGNATION-POINT FLOW (SPF) TOWARDS A VERTICAL SHRINKING/STRETCHING SHEET
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-508Keywords:
Biot number; Fluid flow; Stream function; RK-Fehlberg integration scheme; Lorentz forceAbstract
This study presents a convectively heated hydromagnetic Stagnation-Point Flow (SPF) of an electrically conducting Casson fluid towards a vertically stretching/shrinking sheet. The Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behaviour and using similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The dimensionless nonlinear equations are solved numerically by Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration scheme with shooting technique. The effects of the thermophysical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively. The result shows that the flow field velocity decreases with increase in magnetic field parameter and Casson fluid parameter .
References
Allison, A. C. (2000). Immunosuppressive drugs: the first 50 years and a glance forward. Immunopharmacology, 47(2-3): 63-83. doi:10.1016/s0162-3109(00)00186-7
Ambasta, S. S. (1986). The useful plants of India: Publications & Information Directorate CSIR, New Delhi, India.
Anarthe, S. J., Sunitha, D., & Raju, M. G. (2014). Immunomodulatory activity for methanolic extract of Trigonella foenum graecum whole plant in wistar albino rats. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2(9): 1081-1092. 1081-1092. doi=10.1.1.684.988
Andel, T., de Boer, H., Barnes, J., & Vandebroek, I. (2014). Medicinal plants used for menstrual disorders in Latin America, the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia and their uterine properties: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155: 992-1000. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.049
Bako, S., Bakfur, M., John, I., & Bala, E. (2005). Ethnomedicinal and phytochemical profile of some savanna plant species in Nigeria. International Journal of Botany. 1: 147-150 doi=ijb.2005.147.150
Bin-Hafeez, B., Haque, R., Parvez, S., Pandey, S., Sayeed, I., & Raisuddin, S. (2003). Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. International immunopharmacology, 3(2): 257-265. doi: 10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00292-8.
Brindha, P. (2016). Role of phytochemicals as immunomodulatory agents: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 10(1). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v10i1.600
Caseres, A., & Figueroa, L. (1993). Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of respiratory diseases. 2. Journal of ethnopharmacology., 16: 77-82. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(93)90053-8.
Dash, S., Nath, L., Bhise, S., Kar, P., & Bhattacharya, S. (2006). Stimulation of immune function activity by the alcoholic root extract of Heracleum nepalense D. Don. Indian journal of pharmacology, 38(5): 336. DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.27701
Doherty, N. (1981). Selective effects of immunosuppressive agents against the delayed hypersensitivity response and humoral response to sheep red blood cells in mice. Agents and Actions, 11(3): 237-242. doi.org/10.1007/BF01967620
Emmanuel, S., Rani, M. S., & Sreekanth, M. R. (2010). Antidiabetic activity of Cassia occidentalis Linn. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A dose dependent study. International Journal of Pharmacology and Bioscience, 1(4): 14-25. doi=10.1.1.440.2521
Fulzele, S., Satturwar, P., Joshi, S., & Dorle, A. (2003). Study of the immunomodulatory activity of Haridradi ghrita in rats. Indian journal of pharmacology, 35(1): 51-54.
Gadanya, A. M., & Muhammad, S. U. (2018). Hypolipidemic effect of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Senna occidentalis in rats. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 15(1): 68. doi:10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_16_17
Garba, R., Saidu, A., Adeyemi, H., & Muhammad, H. (2015). Effect of methanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis L. root bark on body weight and selected biochemical parameters in alloxan induced diabetic rats. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 6(2): 39-49. DOI: 10.19026/bjpt.6.5189
Gokhale, A. B., Damre, A. S., & Saraf, M. N. (2003). Investigations into the immunomodulatory activity of Argyreia speciosa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84(1): 109-114. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00168-x
Graça, V. C., Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Dias, M. I., Ferreira, I. C., & Santos, P. (2017). Bio-guided fractionation of extracts of Geranium robertianum L.: Relationship between phenolic profile and biological activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 108: 543-552. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.016
Haghighi, H. R., Gong, J., Gyles, C. L., Hayes, M. A., Sanei, B., Parvizi, P., Gisavi, H., Chambers, J. R., & Sharif, S. (2005). Modulation of antibody-mediated immune response by probiotics in chickens. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 12(12): 1387-1392. doi:10.1128/CDLI.12.12.1387-1392.2005
Hajra, S., Mehta, A., & Pandey, P. (2012). Immunostimulating activity of methanolic extract of Swietenia mahagoni seeds. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 4(1): 442-445.
Ibrahim, M. A., Aliyu, A. B., Sallau, A. B., Bashir, M., Yunusa, I., & Umar, T. S. (2010). Senna occidentalis leaf extract possesses antitrypanosomal activity and ameliorates the trypanosome-induced anemia and organ damage. Pharmacognosy research, 2(3): 175-180. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.65513
Ishii, R., Yoshikawa, K., Minakata, H., Komura, H., & Kada, T. (1984). Specificities of bio-antimutagens in plant kingdom. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 48(10): 2587-2591. doi:10.1271/bbb1961.48.2587
Ismail, S., & Asad, M. (2009). Immunomodulatory activity of Acacia catechu. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 53(1): 25-33.
Kumolosasi, E., Ibrahim, S. N. A., Shukri, S. M. A., & Ahmad, W. (2018). Immunostimulant activity of standardised extracts of Mangifera indica leaf and Curcuma domestica rhizome in mice. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 17(1): 77-84. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i1.12
Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. nature, 227(5259): 680-685. doi.org/10.1038/227680a0
Manjuladevi, K., Reddy, G., Kothai, A., Thenmozhi, M., Dhanalakshmi, M., & Sarumathy, S. (2013). Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of a polyherbal formulation by in vivo method. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 6: 129-133.
Mirabeau, T. Y., & Samson, E. S. (2012). Effect of Allium cepa and Allium sativum on some immunological cells in rats. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 9(3): 374-379.
Nfambi, J., Bbosa, G. S., Sembajwe, L. F., Gakunga, J., & Kasolo, J. N. (2015). Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats. Journal of Basic & Clinical Physiology & Pharmacology, 26(6): 603-611. doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0104
Ntchapda, F., Barama, J., Kemeta Azambou, D. R., Etet, P. F., & Dimo, T. (2015). Diuretic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of leaves of Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 8(9): 685-693. doi:10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.07.030
Ogunkunle, A., & Ladejobi, T. A. (2006). Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies on some species of Senna in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(21).
Omoregbe, R., Ikuebe, O., & Ihimire, I. (1996). Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants extracts on Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 25(4): 373.
Patel, P., & Asdaq, S. M. B. (2010). Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic fruit extract of Aegle marmelos in experimental animals. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 18(3): 161-165. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2010.05.006
Ponkshe, C., & Indap, M. M. (2002). In vivo and in vitro evaluation for immunomodulatory activity of three marine animal extracts with reference to phagocytosis. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 40(12):1399-402.
Rahul, J., Jain, M. K., Singh, S. P., Kamal, R. K., Naz, A., Gupta, A. K., & Mrityunjay, S. K. (2015). Adansonia digitata L.(baobab): a review of traditional information and taxonomic description. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(1): 79-84.
Ramesh, K., Kambimath, R. S., & Venkatesan, N. (2016). Study of immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of Carica papaya in Wistar rats. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(5): 442-444. doi: 10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0512331052016
Saidu, T., & Abdullahi, M. (2011). Phytochemical determinations and antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Combretum molle and Gossypium arboretum. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(2): 132-136.
Singh, H., Chahal, P., Mishra, A., & Mishra, A. K. (2020). An up-to-date review on chemistry and biological activities of Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Family: Leguminosae. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 20(3): 263-278. doi:10.1007/s13596-019-00391-z
Singh, V., Dwivedi, P., Chaudhary, B., & Singh, R. (2015). Immunomodulatory effect of Gymnema sylvestre (R. Br.) leaf extract: an in vitro study in Rat model. PloS one, 10(10): e0139631. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139631
Sini, K., Karpakavalli, M., & Sangeetha, P. (2010). Analgesic and antipyretic activity of Cassia occidentalis Linn. World Applied Sciences Journal, 11(10): 1216-1219.
Smith, M., & White, K. (2010). Establishment and comparison of delayed-type hypersensitivity models in the B6C3F1 mouse. Journal of immunotoxicology, 7: 308-317. doi:10.3109/1547691X.2010.509707
Sumalatha, R. B. P., Ballal, S. R., & Acharya, S. (2012). Studies on immunomodulatory effects of Salacia chinensis L. on albino rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2: 98-107.
Tilburt, J. C., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2008). Herbal medicine research and global health: an ethical analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86: 594-599.
Tilwari, A., Shukla, N. P., & Pathirissery, U. D. (2011). Immunomodulatory activity of the aqueous extract of seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn (Jequirity) in mice. Iranian Journal of Immunology, 8(2): 96-103.
Tiwari, U., Rastogi, B., Singh, P., Saraf, D. K., & Vyas, S. P. (2004). Immunomodulatory effects of aqueous extract of Tridax procumbens in experimental animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92(1): 113-119. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.001.
Verma, L., Khatri, A., Kaushik, B., Patil, U. K., & Pawar, R. S. (2010). Antidiabetic activity of Cassia occidentalis (Linn) in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian journal of pharmacology, 42(4): 224-228. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.68422
Vikasari, S., Soemardji, A., Sutjiatmo, A., & Yani, S. (2015). Immunomodulatory Effect of Water Extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5: 62-66. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2015.58.S10
White, C. J., & Gallin, J. I. (1986). Phagocyte defects. Clinical immunology and immunopathology, 40(1): 50-61.
Yadav, J., Arya, V., Yadav, S., Panghal, M., Kumar, S., & Dhankhar, S. (2010). Cassia occidentalis L.: A review on its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Fitoterapia, 81(4): 223-230.
Yeragamreddy, P., Peraman, R., Routhu, H., & Babu, N. (2013). In vitro Antitubercular and Antibacterial activities of isolated constituents and column fractions from leaves of Cassia occidentalis, Camellia sinensis and Ananas comosus. African Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, 2: 116-123.
Yin, J.-j., Zhou, Q., Wang, L., Xu, W., & Zhang, J.-l. (2016). Protective effect of extract of Mauremys mutica against cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced suppression of immune function in mice. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 27(4): 577-588. doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2016.1148122
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
