COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF CALCINED EGGSHELL AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE CATALYSTS ON NEEM SEED OIL BIODIESEL YIELD AND COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS

Authors

  • Yakubu Lamido Jumare Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State
  • Mohammed Mohammed Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria.
  • Adamu M. Orah Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria.
  • Samaila Umaru Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
  • Muhammad U. Kaisan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0912-4161

Keywords:

Biodiesel, Neem Seed Oil, Sodium Hydroxide, Calcined Eggshell

Abstract

This study compares the performance of calcined eggshell (CES) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalysts in the production of neem seed oil biodiesel and evaluates the resulting fuel blends in a compression ignition engine. Non-edible neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) was converted to biodiesel via base-catalyzed transesterification using varying catalyst concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (wt. of oil). For each concentration, reaction times of 70, 110, and 150 minutes were tested. The highest biodiesel yields were 100% using CES at 1% catalyst concentration and 70 minutes’ reaction time, and 97% using NaOH at 0.5% concentration and 150 minutes’ reaction time. The methyl ester compositions of the optimum biodiesel samples were determined using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy. Each optimal biodiesel was blended with petro-diesel and tested in a stationary single-cylinder compression ignition engine operating at a constant load of 4.5 N and 1500 rpm. Engine performance parameters and exhaust emissions were recorded and analyzed. The findings show that CES is an effective waste-based catalyst for neem seed oil biodiesel production and can serve as a viable substitute for NaOH. Moreover, biodiesel blends produced with either catalyst are suitable for use in stationary diesel engines, offering eco-friendly performance and reduced emissions.

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Published

29-12-2025

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 9 No. 12 (Special Issue)

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Research Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Yakubu Lamido Jumare, Mohammed Mohammed, Adamu M. Orah, Samaila Umaru, Muhammad U. Kaisan

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Lamido Jumare, Y., Mohammed, M., M. Orah, A., Umaru, S., & U. Kaisan, M. (2025). COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF CALCINED EGGSHELL AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE CATALYSTS ON NEEM SEED OIL BIODIESEL YIELD AND COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(12), 287-303. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0912-4161

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