LOGARITHMIC AND PERCENTAGE REDUCTIONS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN GALATEA PARADOXA TREATED WITH CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA AND NACL: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT

Authors

  • U. M. Okon
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • O. J. Akinjogunla
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7105-6771
  • I. A. Akang
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • B. C. Akaka
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • M. I. Umoh
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Keywords:

Bacteriological, Citrus aurantifolia, NaCl, Galatea paradoxa, Nutritional

Abstract

Shell fishes constitute a vital source of food for humans due to its high nutritional values. Bacteriological and nutritional assessments of Galatea paradoxa treated with Citrus aurantifolia and NaCl were determined using bacteriological and analytical protocols. The results revealed a reduction from 4.845 to 2.301 Log CFU/g in Total  Heterotrophic  Bacterial Counts (THBC) in G. paradoxa treated with 10% NaCl for 5 mins. The G. paradoxa treated with 7.5 % NaCl for 5 min had a reduction in Total Coliform Counts (TCC) ranging from 3.903 to 2.398 Log CFU/g, while Total Faecal Coliform Counts (TFC) in G. paradoxa treated with 5 % and 10 % for 10 min reduced by 99.99 %. There was 53.46% THBC reduction in G. paradoxa treated with 10% C. aurantifolia for 5 min; THBC in G. paradoxa treated with 10% C. aurantifolia for 10 min reduced by 79.36 %; THBC in G. paradoxa treated with 10 % equal concentrations of NaCl and C. aurantifolia decreased by 99.99 % within 10 min, while TCC in G. paradoxa treated with 7.5 % equal concentrations of NaCl and C. aurantifolia within 10 min of exposure had 99.99 % decrease. The predominant survived bacterial genera in treated samples were Bacillus, Vibrio and Micrococcus. There was insignificant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the nutritional compositions of treated and untreated samples. This study showed that G. paradoxa could be treated with C. aurantifolia and NaCl so as to avert possible foodborne diseases associated with consumption of this aquatic food.

 

Dimensions

Adebayo-Tayo, B.C., Onilude, A. A., Ogunjobi, A. A. and Adeoye, D. O. (2006). Bacteriological and proximate analysis of periwinkles from two different creeks in Nigeria. World Applied Science Journal, 1(2): 87 - 91.

Adeleke, R. O. and Odedeji, J. O. (2010). Functional properties of wheat and sweet potato flour blends. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9: 535 – 538.

Akinjogunla, O. J., Inyang, C. U. and Akinjogunla, V. F. (2011). Bacterial species associated with anatomical parts of fresh and smoked Bonga fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata): Prevalence of

cephalosporins. Research Journal of Microbiology, 6(1):87- 97.

Anbalagan, M., Ganesh Prabu, P., Krishnaveni, R. E. and Manivannan, S. (2014). Effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the bacterial load in chicken, mutton and beef meat samples in relation to meat spoilage. International Journal of Research in Zoology, 4 (1): 1 – 5.

Antai, S. P. (1998). Study of the microbial flora of Nigeria mussel species. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 6: 259 - 261.

AOAC (2005). Official Method of Analysis (18th ed). Association of Official Analytical Chemist International, Maryland, USA. 876p.

APHA (American Public Health Association). (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 16th Edition, Washington D.C.

Bradley, E. M., Williams, J. B., Schilling, M. W., Coggin, P. C and Crist, C. (2011). Effects of

sodium lactate and acetic acid preservatives on the quality and sensory characteristics of hot- boned pork sausage patties. Meat Science, 88: 145 - 150.

Chiesa, L. M., Nobile, M., Malandra, R., Pessina, D and Panseri, S. (2018). Food safety traits of

mussels and clams: distribution of PCBs, PBDEs, OCPs, PAHs and PFASs in sample from different areas using HRMS-Orbitrap and modified QuEChERS extraction followed by GC-

MS. Food Additives and Contaminants, 35: 5.

Cheng, H. Y., Ye, R. C. and Chou, C. C. (2003). Increased acid tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by acid adaptation time and conditions of acid challenge. Food Research International 36: 49 - 56.

Davidson, P. M. and T. M. Taylor. (2007). Chapter. 33. Chemical preservatives and natural antimicrobial compounds. In Doyle, M. P. and Larry R. Beuchat (eds.), Food Microbiology - Fundamentals and Frontiers., 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington D.C. pp. 713 – 745.

Davies, I. C. and Jamabo, N. A. (2016). Determination of mineral contents of edible parts of shellfishes from Okpoka creeks in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 2 (2): 10 - 18.

Ehigiator, F. A. R. and Akise, O. G. (2016). Proximate, amino acid and mineral composition of wild and cultured fresh water clam (Egeria radiate). Nigerian Journal of Agriculture Food and Environment, 12 (2): 103 - 108.

Ekanem, E. O. and Adegoke, G. O. (1995). Bacteriological study of West African clam (Egeria radiata Lamarch) and their overlying waters. Food Microbiology, 12: 381 - 385.

Ekpenyong E, Williams I.O, Osakpa U. U. (2013). Variation in the proximate, energy and mineral compositions of different body parts of Macrobrachium macrobranchion (Prawn). Journal of Food Research, 2 (2): 150 – 156.

Etim, L and Brey, T. (1994). Growth, productivity and significance for fishery of the bivalve Egaria radiata (Donacidae) of live bivalve molluscs. pp. 1 - 19.

FDA, (1991). Sanitation of shellfish. growing areas considering and seafood safety (F.E. Ahmed). National Academic Press. Washington DC. Food and Environment, 12 (2): 103 - 108.

Gram, L., Ravn, L. and Rasch, M. 2002. Food spoilage interactions between food spoilage bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 78: 79-97.

Hatha, A. A. M., Christi, K.C., Singh, R. and Kumar, S. (2005). Bacteriology of the fresh water bivalve clam Batissa violacea (Kai) sold in the Suva Market. The South Pacific Journal of National Science, 23: 48 – 50.

Holt, J. G., Krieg, N. R., Sneath, P. H. A., Stately, J. T. and Williams, S. T. (1994). St. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th Edition). Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins. 787p.

ICMSF International commission on microbiological specifications for foods (2005).

Microorganisms in Foods. 2nd ed, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Pub. New York. pp. 84 – 86.

Ivon, E. A. and Eyo, V. O. (2018). Proximate composition and mineral contents of edible part of four species of shellfishes from the Calabar River, Nigeria. Annual Research and Review in Biology, 26 (1): 1 – 10.

King, R. P. (2000). Population structure, growth performance and mortality rates of the freshwater clam G. paradoxa Born 1778, in Nun River, Nigeria. Archive of Fisheries and Marine Research, 48(1) :21 - 30.

Lawrence, T. E., Dikeman, M. E., Stephens, J. W., Obuz, E. and Davis, J. R. (2003). In Situ Investigation of the calcium-induced proteolytic and salting-in mechanisms causing tenderization in calcium-enhanced muscle. Meat Science, 66: 69 - 75.

Man, C. M. D. (2007). Technological functions of salt in food products. In Kilcast, D and Angus, F (eds). Reducing salt in foods. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton Fl. pp. 157 - 173.

Mata, L., Vives, M. and Vicente, G. (1994). Extinction of V. cholerae in acidic substrata: contaminated fish marinated with lime juice (ceviche). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42: 479 - 485.

Moses, S. B. (1990). Growth, biomass, mortality, production and potential yield of the West African

clam, Egeria radiata (Lamarck) (Lamellibranchia, Donacidae) in the Cross-River State, Nigeria. Hydrobiologia, 196: 1–15.

, , Ndelekwute, E. K. and Enyehini, G. E. (2017). Lime juice as a source of organic acids for growth and

apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery,

: 1 – 5.

Odu, N. N., Obafemi, A. and Njoku, H. O. (2010): Comparative assessment of bacteriological quality and proximate composition of laboratory shucked and traditionally shucked tropical periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus). Scientia Africana, 9 (1): 140 - 149.

Okon, M. U., Inyang, C. U. and Akinjogunla, O. J. (2020). Bacterial isolates from bivalve clams

(G paradoxa, Born 1778): Occurence, multi-drug resistance, location of antibiotic resistance marker and plasmid profiles. South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ,7(3): 35 – 46.

Orjimelukwe, P. C., Ekong, K. S. and Akachukwu, D (2017). Effect of different processing methods on the nutrient composition and sensory properties of E. fimbriata. American Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(5): 107 – 113.

Onyeagba, R. A. and Isu, N. R. (2006). General Microbiology, 2nd (ed) Crystal Publishers, Okigwe Nigeria, 600p.

Oranusi 1, S., Effiong, E. D. and Duru, N. U. (2018). Comparative study of microbial, proximate and heavy metal compositions of some gastropods, bivalve and crustacean seafood. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 19 (4): 291 – 302.

Rodrigues, A., Sandstorm, A., Ca, T., Steinsland, H., Jensen, H. and Aaby. P. (2000). Protection from Cholera by adding lime juice to food - results from community and laboratory studies in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5: 418 - 422.

Samya, H. M. and Mohamed, S. Y. (2006). Proximate evaluation of some economical seafood as a human diet and as an alternative prospective valuable of fish meal. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11 (1): 12 - 27.

Silva, J. G., Morais, H. A. and Silvestre, M. P. C. (2003). Comparative study of the functional properties of bovine globin isolates and sodium caseinate. Food Research International, 36: 73 – 80.

Simopoulos, A. P. (2003). Importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids: evolutionary aspects. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 92: 1 - 22.

Skrivanova, E., Molatova, M., Houf, K and Marounek, M. (2011). Inhibitory effect of organic acids on Acrobacters in culture and their use for control of Arcobacter butzleri on chicken skin. International Journal Microbiology, 144: 367 - 371.

Soyiri, I. N., Agbogh, H. K and Dongdem, Y. T. (2008). A pilot microbial assessment of beef sold in the Ashaiman Market, a suburb of Accra Ghana. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 8: 72 – 74.

Tonbarapagha, K., Douye, V. Z. and Deborah, A. (2018). “Assessing the hygienic status of processed fresh water clam (Galatea paradoxa) in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria.†American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 6 (5): 219 - 222.

Udoh, D. I., Udo, I. U. and Udoh, E. I. (2017). Microbiological analysis of the freshwater clam from Cross River, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 13 (3): 59 – 64.

Villalobos, L. B. and Elguezabal, L. A. (2001). Microbiological quality of the bivalves Pinctada

imbricate commercialized in Cumana, Venezuela. Food Technology. Acta Cientifica

Venezolona, 52: 55 – 61.

Zhu, Q. and Bai, R. (2007). Comparison of biological characteristics between cultured and wild crab

(Eriocheir sinensis) Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Science, 23: 218 - 223

Published

24-09-2020

How to Cite

LOGARITHMIC AND PERCENTAGE REDUCTIONS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN GALATEA PARADOXA TREATED WITH CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA AND NACL: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT. (2020). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(3), 406-415. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-376

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 3 (2020): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 4 No. 3

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

FUDMA Journal of Sciences

How to Cite

LOGARITHMIC AND PERCENTAGE REDUCTIONS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN GALATEA PARADOXA TREATED WITH CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA AND NACL: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT. (2020). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(3), 406-415. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-376

Most read articles by the same author(s)