PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL DERIVED FROM LANNEA MICROCARPA OIL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH FOSSIL DIESEL
Abstract
In the present study, non-edible oil of Lannea microcarpa was extracted through the use of a mechanical press and biodiesel was produced from the extracted oil in two steps reactions of esterification and alkali-catalyzed trans-esterification. The percentage oil and biodiesel yield were found to be 46.15% and 90.63%wt respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesels were investigated and comparatively analysed to ascertain the suitability of this biodiesel to replace fossil diesel. The physico-chemical properties evaluated were also compared with reported values in the literature. The results showed that L. microcarpa biodiesel had density (0.8965g/cm3), kinematics viscosity (6.00 mm2/s), cetane number (41.98), flash point (1280C), fire point (1400C), calorific value (38.5 MJ/kg), cloud point (50C), pour point (-9.50C), iodine value (120gI/100g), saponification value (240mgKOH/g), carbon residue (0.50%) and ash content (0.03%). It was revealed that, seven out of the twelve assessed properties conformed to ASTM standard but iodine value, calorific value, cetane number, carbon residue and ash content deviated slightly with negligible differences. It was also noted that, the density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value, ash content and carbon residue of fossil diesel were found to be slightly better than those of the biodiesel. Conversely, the biodiesel exhibited slightly better cloud point, pour point, flash point, and fire point than fossil diesel. Hence, Lannea microcarpa biodiesel considered to met the specified standard recommendations for suitably used in conventional diesel engines.
References
Adebayo F and Weng F. (2021):A Study on Performance Evaluation of Biodiesel from Grape Seed Oil and Its Blends for Diesel Vehicles. Vehicles. 3: 790806.
Adeyemi D.T; Saleh A; Akande F.B; Oniya O.O; Ola F.A (2021): Determination of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Sand Apple Seed Oil with Automotive Gas Oil Blend, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 25 (8): 1365-1369.
Adhikesavan C, Rajagopal K and Selwin R.J (2015): Production and characterization of biodiesel from Acacia nilotica seeds, International Journal of ChemTech Research, ISSN: 0974-4290. 8(2): 854-859.
Awulu J.O., Ogbeh G.O., and Asawa N.D., (2015): Comparative Analysis of Biodiesels from Calabash and Rubber Seeds Oils, Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development 4(2): 131-136.
Ashraful, A.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Fattah, I.R., Imtenan, S., Shahir, S.A., Mobarak, H.M., (2014) Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: a review. Energ. Conserv. Manage. 80: 202228.
Anuraja B. and Manohar J.D.( 2014). A studies on Physico-chemical Properties of Jatropha biodiesel blends, Plant Archives. 14 (2):1005-1009.
Agarry, S.E., Aremu, M.O., Ajani, A.O., and Aworanti, O.A. (2013): Alkali catalysed production of biodiesel fuel from Nigerian Citrus seeds oil. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST). 5 (9): 1682-1687.
Auwal, A. Oche, A. and Abdulhamid H. (2012): Binary blends of petrodiesel with biodiesels derived from soyabean and groundnut oils. Journal of Advances in Applied Science Research. 3(1): 611-614.
Benjamin O. E., Kingsley O. O., Juliet N. O., Alfred F., Sabinus O.O. E. (2023): Biodiesel potential of Cucumeropsis mannii (white melon) seed oil: A neglected and underutilized resource in Nigeria. Heliyon 9: 1-13.
Christiana C . E., Vincent A., and Clementina C.( 2014): Comparative Analysis of the Physico-chemical Properties of Oil from Cucumis melossp. agrestis (Wild melon) Seeds, its Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blend and Petro- diesel. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2 (1): 286-293.
Dario Al., Guillermo A., Thomas D., (2020): Prediction of biodiesel physico-chemical properties from its fatty acid composition using genetic programming. Fuel 264 (116844): 1-12.
Gabriel, R., Vieira, W.T Soletti J.I Ribeiro L.M.O and Carvalho S.H.V (2020): Empirical modelling of different viscosity and density behaviour of biodiesel from chich (Sterculia striata) with diesel versus temperature variation, Journal of King Saud University - Science 32(1):628-635.
Hilton M and Freddie L.I (2021): A Review on waste cooking oil biodiesel as a viable fuel for diesel engines: Existing concepts, emerging trends and future prospects. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD). 11( 5): 1132.
Ibrahim Y, Abba M. M & Surajo A (2021): In-situ-transesterification of Cotton seeds Oil (Gossypium spp) using Cao Derived from Egg shell as Catalyst. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. 13 (1): 1-13.
Ibrahim, M. H. Dasin D. Y and Yahuza I. (2019): The Physicochemical Analysis of Biodiesel Produced from African Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Seeds Oil, International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 6(6): 82-91. https://doi.10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i6.2019.396.
Ioan, A and Barabas, I. T (2011): Biodiesel Quality, Standards and Properties, (5th Ed.) InTech, ISBN: 978-953-307-784-0., Pp 1-28.
James Y, Dogara K and Rhoda O. M. (2021): Studies on Cucurbita maxima Seed Oil for its Potentials as Feedstock for Biodiesel Production in Nigeria. Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. 9 (1):215-233.
Kaisan M.U, Anafi F. O. , Umaru S , .Kulla D. M. and Nuszkowski J (2017): Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Neem, Cotton and Jatropha Binary and Multi-blends with Diesel, Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering. 7 (1): 59-66.
Kaisan M.U, Pam G.Y., and Kulla D.M., (2013). Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-diesel from Wild Grape Seeds Oil and Petro-Diesel Blends. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER). 2(10): 11-21.
Lawan, M. M. and Serder, S. (2019): Analysis and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Glycine max seed Oil using Alkali catalyst. FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS). 3 (1): 84 90.
Maulidiyah, Muhammad N, Fetty F, Muh N, Dwiprayogo W (2017): Characterization of methyl ester compound of biodiesel from industrial liquid waste of crude palm oil processing. Analytical Chemistry Research, 12: 1-9.
Mofijur M, Rasul M.G, Hyde J, Azad A.K, Mamat R. Bhuiya M.M.K, (2016): Role of biofuel and their binary (dieselbiodiesel) and ternary (ethanolbiodieseldiesel) blends on internal combustion engines emission reduction. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53: 265278.
Ming C, Qingshi T, Mingming L, and Jeffrey Y (2014): Esterification pretreatment of free fatty acid in biodiesel production, from laboratory to industry. Journal of Fuel Processing Technology, Elsevier, 125:106-113.
Musa, U., Mohammed I .A., Sadiq M.M., Aliyu A.M, Suleiman B., and Talabi S. (2014): Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Nigerian Mango Seed Oil. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, 2014 Vol I, WCE 2014, July 2 - 4, 2014, London, U.K.
Nurun, N., Mostafizur, R., Muhammaad, A.I., Farhad, M.H., Peter, B., William, N.R., John,T., Zoran, D.R., Richard, J.B., (2015). Fuel characterization, engine performance, combustion and exhaust emissions with a new renewable Licella biofuel. Energy Conversion and Management. 96: 588598.
Nafiu, T., Zuru, A.A., Kaisan, M.U., Ummi, I.M., and Yusuf, B.H. (2011): Production of Biodiesel from Wild Grapes (Lannea Microcarpa) Seeds Nigerian Society of Engineers Technical Transaction Journals, .6(1): 1-15.
Omid K., Alireza P., Mohammad A. Z., Abozar S., Zahra S. Z., Amin M. (2023): Biodiesel-Petrodiesel Blends Physicochemical Characterization and Economic Assessment of Designing a Plant in Iran. Journal of Environmental health and sustainable development (JEHSD),8: 1, 1897-18914.
Oliveira L. E., Da-Silva M. L. C. P. (2013) Comparative study of calorific value of rapeseed, soybean, jatropha curcas and crambe biodiesel. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal. 11: 1-4.
Surma N, Ijuo G. A, Nyom P. N, Ukpoko E, Kutshaq P.I (2024): Comparative Study of Physico-Chemical Properties from Roosted and Refined Palm Kernel Methylester. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science (IJARCS). 11( 1): 18-24.
Suleiman, K. K., Isah, M., Abdulfatai, A. S., Danyaro, Z. (2023): Kinetics and Thermodynamics Study of Biodiesel Production from Neem Oil using Alumina as a Catalyst, FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS). 7 ( 3): 65-71.
Sani S., Kaisan M.U., Kulla D.M., Obi A.I., Jibrin A., Ashok A.B. (2018) :Determination of physico-chemical properties of biodiesel from Citrullus lanatus seeds oil and diesel blends. Industrial Crops & Products 122: 702708.
Sadiq A. S (2016): Assessment of Nigeria sweet orange seed oil for biodiesel production. Nigerian Journal of Tropical Engineering, 9 (1 & 2) :1-9.
Samuel E.O., Sunny E.I., Anselm I.I., Diakanua B. N. (2016): Rubber seed oil: A potential renewable source of biodiesel for sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Conversion and Management. 110:125134.
Samir A. A.I. and Rehab F. M. Al (2015): Physico-chemical properties of biodiesel manufactured from waste frying oil using domestic adsorbents. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 16: 1-9.
Sreedhar C, Durga B.P, (2015) Performance Evaluation of Four - Stroke Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine Using Different Blends of Diesel and Grape Seed Biodiesel. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT). 4(11): 255-261.
Yahuza I., Farinwata s.s, Dandakouta H, Dasin D.Y (2018): Production and Characterization of Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blend as Fuel in Compression-Ignition Engine , IJSRSET . (4)1: 1415-1424.
Yunus M. M. and Kyari M. Z (2016): Quality Assessment of Biodiesels from Lophira Lanceolata and Ziziphus Mauritiana Seed Oils. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research. 21: 12-22.
Yusop, A., Mamat R., Yasin M.M and Ali O.M (2014): Effects of particulate matter emissions of diesel engine using dieselmethanol blends. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 6: 959-967.
Yunus M.M, Zuru A.A, Faruq U.Z and Aliero A.A (2013): Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties of Biodiesel from African Grapes (Lannea microcarpa). Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 21(2): 127-130.
Copyright (c) 2025 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
